Perform a regular expression match

# preg_match

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

preg_match — Perform a regular expression match

### Description

preg_match(
string `$pattern`,
string `$subject`,
array `&$matches` = `null`,
int `$flags` = 0,
int `$offset` = 0
): int|false

Searches `subject` for a match to the regular expression given in `pattern`.

### Parameters

`pattern`

  The pattern to search for, as a string.

`subject`

  The input string.

`matches`

  If `matches` is provided, then it is filled with the results of search. $matches[0] will contain the text that matched the full pattern, $matches[1] will have the text that matched the first captured parenthesized subpattern, and so on.

`flags`

  `flags` can be a combination of the following flags:

  `PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE`

    If this flag is passed, for every occurring match the appendant string offset (in bytes) will also be returned. Note that this changes the value of `matches` into an array where every element is an array consisting of the matched string at offset `0` and its string offset into `subject` at offset `1`.

    `<?php
    preg_match('/(foo)(bar)(baz)/', 'foobarbaz', $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
    print_r($matches);
    ?>`

    The above example will output:

        Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [0] => foobarbaz
                    [1] => 0
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [0] => foo
                    [1] => 0
                )

            [2] => Array
                (
                    [0] => bar
                    [1] => 3
                )

            [3] => Array
                (
                    [0] => baz
                    [1] => 6
                )

        )

  `PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL`

    If this flag is passed, unmatched subpatterns are reported as `null`; otherwise they are reported as an empty string.

    `<?php
    preg_match('/(a)(b)*(c)/', 'ac', $matches);
    var_dump($matches);
    preg_match('/(a)(b)*(c)/', 'ac', $matches, PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL);
    var_dump($matches);
    ?>`

    The above example will output:

        array(4) {
          [0]=>
          string(2) "ac"
          [1]=>
          string(1) "a"
          [2]=>
          string(0) ""
          [3]=>
          string(1) "c"
        }
        array(4) {
          [0]=>
          string(2) "ac"
          [1]=>
          string(1) "a"
          [2]=>
          NULL
          [3]=>
          string(1) "c"
        }

`offset`

  Normally, the search starts from the beginning of the subject string. The optional parameter `offset` can be used to specify the alternate place from which to start the search (in bytes).

  > Note:

  > Using `offset` is not equivalent to passing `substr($subject, $offset)` to preg_match() in place of the subject string, because `pattern` can contain assertions such as ^, $ or (?<=x). Compare:

  > `<?php
  > $subject = "abcdef";
  > $pattern = '/^def/';
  > preg_match($pattern, $subject, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, 3);
  > print_r($matches);
  > ?>`

  > The above example will output:

  >     Array
  >     (
  >     )

  > while this example

  > `<?php
  > $subject = "abcdef";
  > $pattern = '/^def/';
  > preg_match($pattern, substr($subject,3), $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
  > print_r($matches);
  > ?>`

  > will produce

  >     Array
  >     (
  >         [0] => Array
  >             (
  >                 [0] => def
  >                 [1] => 0
  >             )

  >     )

  > Alternatively, to avoid using substr(), use the `\G` assertion rather than the `^` anchor, or the `A` modifier instead, both of which work with the `offset` parameter.

### Return Values

preg_match() returns 1 if the `pattern` matches given `subject`, 0 if it does not, or `false` on failure.

Warning

This function may return Boolean `false`, but may also return a non-Boolean value which evaluates to `false`. Please read the section on Booleans for more information. Use the === operator for testing the return value of this function.

### Errors/Exceptions

If the regex pattern passed does not compile to a valid regex, an `E_WARNING` is emitted.

### Changelog

Version | Description
--- | ---
7.2.0 | The `PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL` is now supported for the `$flags` parameter.

### Examples

Example #1 Find the string of text "php"

`<?php
// The "i" after the pattern delimiter indicates a case-insensitive search
if (preg_match("/php/i", "PHP is the web scripting language of choice.")) {
echo "A match was found.";
} else {
echo "A match was not found.";
}
?>`

Example #2 Find the word "web"

`<?php
/* The \b in the pattern indicates a word boundary, so only the distinct
* word "web" is matched, and not a word partial like "webbing" or "cobweb" */
if (preg_match("/\bweb\b/i", "PHP is the web scripting language of choice.")) {
echo "A match was found.";
} else {
echo "A match was not found.";
}
echo "\n";
if (preg_match("/\bweb\b/i", "PHP is the website scripting language of choice.")) {
echo "A match was found.";
} else {
echo "A match was not found.";
}
?>`

Example #3 Getting the domain name out of a URL

`<?php
// get host name from URL
preg_match('@^(?:http://)?([^/]+)@i',
"http://www.php.net/index.html", $matches);
$host = $matches[1];
// get last two segments of host name
preg_match('/[^.]+\.[^.]+$/', $host, $matches);
echo "domain name is: {$matches[0]}\n";
?>`

The above example will output:

    domain name is: php.net

Example #4 Using named subpattern

`<?php
$str = 'foobar: 2008';
preg_match('/(?P<name>\w+): (?P<digit>\d+)/', $str, $matches);
/* Alternative */
// preg_match('/(?<name>\w+): (?<digit>\d+)/', $str, $matches);
print_r($matches);
?>`

The above example will output:

    Array
    (
        [0] => foobar: 2008
        [name] => foobar
        [1] => foobar
        [digit] => 2008
        [2] => 2008
    )

### Notes

Tip

Do not use preg_match() if you only want to check if one string is contained in another string. Use strpos() instead as it will be faster.

### See Also

- PCRE Patterns
- preg_quote() - Quote regular expression characters
- preg_match_all() - Perform a global regular expression match
- preg_replace() - Perform a regular expression search and replace
- preg_split() - Split string by a regular expression
- preg_last_error() - Returns the error code of the last PCRE regex execution
- preg_last_error_msg() - Returns the error message of the last PCRE regex execution

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