Fetch DNS Resource Records associated with a hostname

# dns_get_record

(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

dns_get_record — Fetch DNS Resource Records associated with a hostname

### Description

dns_get_record(
string `$hostname`,
int `$type` = `DNS_ANY`,
array `&$authoritative_name_servers` = `null`,
array `&$additional_records` = `null`,
bool `$raw` = `false`
): array|false

Fetch DNS Resource Records associated with the given `hostname`.

### Parameters

`hostname`

  `hostname` should be a valid DNS hostname such as "`www.example.com`". Reverse lookups can be generated using `in-addr.arpa` notation, but gethostbyaddr() is more suitable for the majority of reverse lookups.

  > Note:

  > Per DNS standards, email addresses are given in `user.host` format (for example: `hostmaster.example.com` as opposed to `hostmaster@example.com`), be sure to check this value and modify if necessary before using it with a functions such as mail().

`type`

  By default, dns_get_record() will search for any resource records associated with `hostname`. To limit the query, use one of the `DNS_*` constants.

`authoritative_name_servers`

  Passed by reference and, if given, will be populated with Resource Records for the Authoritative Name Servers.

`additional_records`

  Passed by reference and, if given, will be populated with any Additional Records.

`raw`

  The `type` will be interpreted as a raw DNS type ID (the `DNS_*` constants cannot be used). The return value will contain a `data` key, which needs to be manually parsed.

### Return Values

This function returns an array of associative arrays, or `false` on failure. Each associative array contains at minimum the following keys:

Basic DNS attributes
Attribute | Meaning
--- | ---
host | The record in the DNS namespace to which the rest of the associated data refers.
class | dns_get_record() only returns Internet class records and as such this parameter will always return `IN`.
type | String containing the record type. Additional attributes will also be contained in the resulting array dependant on the value of type. See table below.
ttl | `"Time To Live"` remaining for this record. This will not equal the record's original ttl, but will rather equal the original ttl minus whatever length of time has passed since the authoritative name server was queried.

Other keys in associative arrays dependent on `type`
Type | Extra Columns
--- | ---
`A` | `ip`: An IPv4 addresses in dotted decimal notation.
`MX` | `pri`: Priority of mail exchanger. Lower numbers indicate greater priority. `target`: FQDN of the mail exchanger. See also dns_get_mx().
`CNAME` | `target`: FQDN of location in DNS namespace to which the record is aliased.
`NS` | `target`: FQDN of the name server which is authoritative for this hostname.
`PTR` | `target`: Location within the DNS namespace to which this record points.
`TXT` | `txt`: Arbitrary string data associated with this record.
`HINFO` | `cpu`: IANA number designating the CPU of the machine referenced by this record. `os`: IANA number designating the Operating System on the machine referenced by this record. See IANA's » `Operating System Names` for the meaning of these values.
`CAA` | `flags`: A one-byte bitfield; currently only bit 0 is defined, meaning 'critical'; other bits are reserved and should be ignored. `tag`: The CAA tag name (alphanumeric ASCII string). `value`: The CAA tag value (binary string, may use subformats). For additional information see: » RFC 6844
`SOA` | `mname`: FQDN of the machine from which the resource records originated. `rname`: Email address of the administrative contact for this domain. `serial`: Serial # of this revision of the requested domain. `refresh`: Refresh interval (seconds) secondary name servers should use when updating remote copies of this domain. `retry`: Length of time (seconds) to wait after a failed refresh before making a second attempt. `expire`: Maximum length of time (seconds) a secondary DNS server should retain remote copies of the zone data without a successful refresh before discarding. `minimum-ttl`: Minimum length of time (seconds) a client can continue to use a DNS resolution before it should request a new resolution from the server. Can be overridden by individual resource records.
`AAAA` | `ipv6`: IPv6 address
`A6` | `masklen`: Length (in bits) to inherit from the target specified by `chain`. `ipv6`: Address for this specific record to merge with `chain`. `chain`: Parent record to merge with `ipv6` data.
`SRV` | `pri`: (Priority) lowest priorities should be used first. `weight`: Ranking to weight which of commonly prioritized `targets` should be chosen at random. `target` and `port`: hostname and port where the requested service can be found. For additional information see: » RFC 2782
`NAPTR` | `order` and `pref`: Equivalent to `pri` and `weight` above. `flags`, `services`, `regex`, and `replacement`: Parameters as defined by » RFC 2915.

### Changelog

Version | Description
--- | ---
7.0.16, 7.1.2 | Added support for CAA record type.

### Examples

Example #1 Using dns_get_record()

`<?php
$result = dns_get_record("php.net");
print_r($result);
?>`

The above example will output something similar to:

    Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => MX
                [pri] => 5
                [target] => pair2.php.net
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 6765
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 64.246.30.37
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 8125
            )

    )

Example #2 Using dns_get_record() and DNS_ANY

Since it's very common to want the IP address of a mail server once the MX record has been resolved, dns_get_record() also returns an array in `additional_records` which contains associate records. `authoritative_name_servers` is returned as well containing a list of authoritative name servers.

`<?php
/* Request "ANY" record for php.net,
and create $authns and $addtl arrays
containing list of name servers and
any additional records which go with
them */
$result = dns_get_record("php.net", DNS_ANY, $authns, $addtl);
echo "Result = ";
print_r($result);
echo "Auth NS = ";
print_r($authns);
echo "Additional = ";
print_r($addtl);
?>`

The above example will output something similar to:

    Result = Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => MX
                [pri] => 5
                [target] => pair2.php.net
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 6765
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 64.246.30.37
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 8125
            )

    )
    Auth NS = Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => NS
                [target] => remote1.easydns.com
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 10722
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => NS
                [target] => remote2.easydns.com
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 10722
            )

        [2] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => NS
                [target] => ns1.easydns.com
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 10722
            )

        [3] => Array
            (
                [host] => php.net
                [type] => NS
                [target] => ns2.easydns.com
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 10722
            )

    )
    Additional = Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [host] => pair2.php.net
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 216.92.131.5
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 6766
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [host] => remote1.easydns.com
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 64.39.29.212
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 100384
            )

        [2] => Array
            (
                [host] => remote2.easydns.com
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 212.100.224.80
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 81241
            )

        [3] => Array
            (
                [host] => ns1.easydns.com
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 216.220.40.243
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 81241
            )

        [4] => Array
            (
                [host] => ns2.easydns.com
                [type] => A
                [ip] => 216.220.40.244
                [class] => IN
                [ttl] => 81241
            )

    )

### See Also

- dns_get_mx() - Alias of getmxrr
- dns_check_record() - Alias of checkdnsrr

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