## Name resolution rules

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

For the purposes of these resolution rules, here are some important definitions:

Namespace name definitions
Unqualified name

  This is an identifier without a namespace separator, such as `Foo`

Qualified name

  This is an identifier with a namespace separator, such as `Foo\Bar`

Fully qualified name

  This is an identifier with a namespace separator that begins with a namespace separator, such as `\Foo\Bar`. The namespace `\Foo` is also a fully qualified name.

Relative name

  This is an identifier starting with `namespace`, such as `namespace\Foo\Bar`.

Names are resolved following these resolution rules:

1. Fully qualified names always resolve to the name without leading namespace separator. For instance `\A\B` resolves to `A\B`.
2. Relative names always resolve to the name with `namespace` replaced by the current namespace. If the name occurs in the global namespace, the `namespace\` prefix is stripped. For example `namespace\A` inside namespace `X\Y` resolves to `X\Y\A`. The same name inside the global namespace resolves to `A`.
3. For qualified names the first segment of the name is translated according to the current class/namespace import table. For example, if the namespace `A\B\C` is imported as `C`, the name `C\D\E` is translated to `A\B\C\D\E`.
4. For qualified names, if no import rule applies, the current namespace is prepended to the name. For example, the name `C\D\E` inside namespace `A\B`, resolves to `A\B\C\D\E`.
5. For unqualified names, the name is translated according to the current import table for the respective symbol type. This means that class-like names are translated according to the class/namespace import table, function names according to the function import table and constants according to the constant import table. For example, after `use A\B\C;` a usage such as `new C()` resolves to the name `A\B\C()`. Similarly, after `use function A\B\foo;` a usage such as `foo()` resolves to the name `A\B\foo`.
6. For unqualified names, if no import rule applies and the name refers to a class-like symbol, the current namespace is prepended. For example `new C()` inside namespace `A\B` resolves to name `A\B\C`.
7. For unqualified names, if no import rule applies and the name refers to a function or constant and the code is outside the global namespace, the name is resolved at runtime. Assuming the code is in namespace `A\B`, here is how a call to function `foo()` is resolved:
   1. It looks for a function from the current namespace: `A\B\foo()`.
   2. It tries to find and call the global function `foo()`.

Example #1 Name resolutions illustrated

`<?php
namespace A;
use B\D, C\E as F;
// function calls
foo(); // first tries to call "foo" defined in namespace "A"
// then calls global function "foo"
\foo(); // calls function "foo" defined in global scope
my\foo(); // calls function "foo" defined in namespace "A\my"
F(); // first tries to call "F" defined in namespace "A"
// then calls global function "F"
// class references
new B(); // creates object of class "B" defined in namespace "A"
// if not found, it tries to autoload class "A\B"
new D(); // using import rules, creates object of class "D" defined in namespace "B"
// if not found, it tries to autoload class "B\D"
new F(); // using import rules, creates object of class "E" defined in namespace "C"
// if not found, it tries to autoload class "C\E"
new \B(); // creates object of class "B" defined in global scope
// if not found, it tries to autoload class "B"
new \D(); // creates object of class "D" defined in global scope
// if not found, it tries to autoload class "D"
new \F(); // creates object of class "F" defined in global scope
// if not found, it tries to autoload class "F"
// static methods/namespace functions from another namespace
B\foo(); // calls function "foo" from namespace "A\B"
B::foo(); // calls method "foo" of class "B" defined in namespace "A"
// if class "A\B" not found, it tries to autoload class "A\B"
D::foo(); // using import rules, calls method "foo" of class "D" defined in namespace "B"
// if class "B\D" not found, it tries to autoload class "B\D"
\B\foo(); // calls function "foo" from namespace "B"
\B::foo(); // calls method "foo" of class "B" from global scope
// if class "B" not found, it tries to autoload class "B"
// static methods/namespace functions of current namespace
A\B::foo(); // calls method "foo" of class "B" from namespace "A\A"
// if class "A\A\B" not found, it tries to autoload class "A\A\B"
\A\B::foo(); // calls method "foo" of class "B" from namespace "A"
// if class "A\B" not found, it tries to autoload class "A\B"
?>`
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