Operadores
The PHP parser generates a parse error on either of the two lines that are commented out here.
Apparently the 'instanceof' construct will take a string variable in the second spot, but it will NOT take a string... lame
class Bar {}
$b = new Bar;
$b_class = "Bar";
var_export($b instanceof Bar); // this is ok
var_export($b instanceof $b_class); // this is ok
//var_export($f instanceof "Bar"); // this is syntactically illegal
//var_export($f instanceof 'Bar'); // this is syntactically illegal
Operadores de Tipo
instanceof es usado para determinar si una variable PHP es una instancia de objeto de cierta clase:
Example #1 Uso de instanceof con clases
<?php
class MiClase
{
}
class NoMiClase
{
}
$a = new MiClase;
var_dump($a instanceof MiClase);
var_dump($a instanceof NoMiClase);
?>
El resultado del ejemplo seria:
bool(true) bool(false)
instanceof puede ser usado también para determinar si una variable es una instancia de objeto de una clase que hereda de una clase padre:
Example #2 Uso de instanceof con clases heredadas
<?php
class ClasePadre
{
}
class MiClase extends ClasePadre
{
}
$a = new MiClase;
var_dump($a instanceof MiClase);
var_dump($a instanceof ClasePadre);
?>
El resultado del ejemplo seria:
bool(true) bool(true)
Para chequear si un objeto no es una instancia de una clase, el operador lógico not puede ser usado.
Example #3 Uso de instanceof para chequear si un objeto no es instancia de una clase
<?php
class MiClase
{
}
$a = new MiClase;
var_dump(!($a instanceof stdClass));
?>
El resultado del ejemplo seria:
bool(true)
Por último, instanceof puede ser usado también para determinar si una variable es una instancia de objeto de una clase que implementa una interfaz:
Example #4 Uso de instanceof para una clase
<?php
interface MiInterfaz
{
}
class MiClase implements MiInterfaz
{
}
$a = new MiClase;
var_dump($a instanceof MiClase);
var_dump($a instanceof MiInterfaz);
?>
El resultado del ejemplo seria:
bool(true) bool(true)
Aunque instanceof es usado por lo general con un nombre de clase literal, también puede usarse con otro objeto o una variable tipo cadena:
Example #5 Uso de instanceof con otras variables
<?php
interface MiInterfaz
{
}
class MiClase implements MiInterfaz
{
}
$a = new MiClase;
$b = new MiClase;
$c = 'MiClase';
$d = 'NoMiClase';
var_dump($a instanceof $b); // $b es un objeto de la clase MiClase
var_dump($a instanceof $c); // $c es una cadena 'MiClase'
var_dump($a instanceof $d); // $d es una cadena 'NoMiClase'
?>
El resultado del ejemplo seria:
bool(true) bool(true) bool(false)
Hay algunas trampas comunes de las que hay que tener cuidado. En versiones anteriores a PHP 5.1.0, instanceof llamaría __autoload() si el nombre de clase no existía. Adicionalmente, si la clase no estaba cargada, ocurriría un error fatal. Esto puede ser evitado usando una referencia dinámica de clase, o una variable tipo cadena que contenga el nombre de clase:
Example #6 Evitar búsquedas de nombres de clase y errores fatales con instanceof en PHP 5.0
<?php
$d = 'NoMiClase';
var_dump($a instanceof $d); // no acurre un error fatal aquí
?>
El resultado del ejemplo seria:
bool(false)
El operador instanceof fue introducido en PHP 5. Anteriormente is_a() era usado, pero desde entonces is_a() ha sido marcada como función obsoleta, prefiriéndose el uso de instanceof.
Vea también get_class() e is_a().
add a note
User Contributed NotesOperadores de Tipo
ejohnson82 at gmail dot com
18-Jan-2008 01:59
18-Jan-2008 01:59
julien plee using g mail dot com
20-Jul-2007 06:56
20-Jul-2007 06:56
Response to vinyanov at poczta dot onet dot pl:
You mentionned "the instanceof operator will not accept a string as its first operand". However, this behavior is absolutely right and therefore, you're misleading the meaning of an instance.
<?php 'ClassA' instanceof 'ClassB'; ?> means "the class named ClassA is an instance of the class named ClassB". This is a nonsense sentence because when you instanciate a class, you ALWAYS obtain an object. Consequently, you only can ask if an object is an instance of a class.
I believe asking if "a ClassA belongs to a ClassB" (or "a ClassA is a class of (type) ClassB") or even "a ClassA is (also) a ClassB" is more appropriate. But the first is not implemented and the second only works with objects, just like the instanceof operator.
Plus, I just have tested your code and it does absolutely NOT do the same as instanceof (extended to classes)! I can't advise anyone to reuse it. The use of <?php is_instance_of ($instanceOfA, 'ClassB'); ?> raises a warning "include_once(Object id #1.php) …" when using __autoload (trying to look for $instanceOfA as if it was a class name).
Finally, here is a fast (to me) sample function code to verify if an object or class:
<?php
function kind_of (&$object_or_class, $class)
{
return is_object ($object_or_class) ?
$object_or_class instanceof $class
: (is_subclass_of ($object_or_class $class)
|| strtolower ($object_or_class) == strtolower ($class));
}
?>
jphaas at gmail dot com
11-Jul-2007 10:50
11-Jul-2007 10:50
Posting this so the word typeof appears on this page, so that this page will show up when you google 'php typeof'. ...yeah, former Java user.
vinyanov at poczta dot onet dot pl
19-Jun-2007 03:57
19-Jun-2007 03:57
Unfortunately the instanceof operator will not accept a string as its first operand. So I wrote this function. It does exactly the same (ie, successively checks identicalness, inheritance and implementation). Just on strings.
<?php
function is_instance_of($sub, $super)
{
$sub = (string)$sub;
$super = is_object($super) ? get_class($super) : (string)$super;
switch(true)
{
case $sub === $super; // well ... conformity
case is_subclass_of($sub, $super):
case in_array($super, class_implements($sub)):
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
// testing
interface X {}
class A {}
class B extends A {}
class C extends B {}
class D implements X {}
$i = 'is_instance_of';
var_dump($i('A', 'A'), $i('B', 'A'), $i('C', 'A'), $i('D', 'X'));
?>
jeanyves dot terrien at orange-ftgroup dot com
13-Mar-2007 01:34
13-Mar-2007 01:34
Cross version function even if you are working in php4
(instanceof is an undefined operator for php4)
function isMemberOf($classename) {
$ver = floor(phpversion());
if($ver > 4) {
$instanceof = create_function ('$obj,$classname','return $obj instanceof $classname;');
return $instanceof($this,$classname);
} else {
// Php4 uses lowercase for classname.
return is_a($this, strtolower($classname));
}
} // end function isMemberOf
soletan at toxa dot de
03-Mar-2007 04:04
03-Mar-2007 04:04
Please note: != is a separate operator with separate semantics. Thinking about language grammar it's kind of ridicilous to negate an operator. Of course, it's possible to negate the result of a function (like is_a()), since it isn't negating the function itself or its semantics.
instanceof is a binary operator, and so used in binary terms like this
terma instanceof termb
while ! (negation) is a unary operator and so may be applied to a single term like this
!term
And a term never consists of an operator, only! There is no such construct in any language (please correct me!). However, instanceof doesn't finally support nested terms in every operand position ("terma" or "termb" above) as negation does:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!term == term
So back again, did you ever write
a !!!!!!!!!!!!= b
to test equivalence?
mikael dot knutsson at gmail dot com
05-Dec-2006 08:34
05-Dec-2006 08:34
I can confirm what thisbizness at gmail dot com said just below in PHP 5.2, furthermore, people looking to use this as a "if $a is not instance of A" for error throwing purposes or other, just type it like this:
<?php
if( !$a instanceof A ) {
throw new Exception( '$a is not instance of A.' );
}
?>
This also works if $a is not an object, or not even set (you will get an E_NOTICE if it isn't set though).
A note worth making is that if you are unsure of if class A is present when making this comparison, and you don't want to trigger the __autoload() magic method, scroll down for examples of how to get around this.
I was unsure about it at first since most other operators have their own negative (like !=) or they are/can be used as function calls (like !is_a()) but it is this simple. Hope it helps someone.
Until again!
archanglmr at yahoo dot com
17-Feb-2005 06:37
17-Feb-2005 06:37
Negated instanceof doesn't seem to be documented. When I read instanceof I think of it as a compairson operator (which I suppose it's not).
<?php
class A {}
class X {}
//parse error from !
if (new X !instanceof A) {
throw new Exception('X is not an A');
}
//proper way to negate instanceof ?
if (!(new X instanceof A)) {
throw new Exception('X is not an A');
}
?>
d dot schneider at 24you dot de
18-Dec-2004 12:42
18-Dec-2004 12:42
use this for cross-version development...
<?php
function is_instance_of($IIO_INSTANCE, $IIO_CLASS){
if(floor(phpversion()) > 4){
if($IIO_INSTANCE instanceof $IIO_CLASS){
return true;
}
else{
return false;
}
}
elseif(floor(phpversion()) > 3){
return is_a($IIO_INSTANCE, $IIO_CLASS);
}
else{
return false;
}
}
?>