Supporto per metodo PUT
The previous post is part right, part wrong. It's part right because it's true that the php script will run on the remote server, if it's capable of interpreting php scripts. You can see this by creating this script on a remote machine:
<?php
echo system("hostname");
?>
Then include that in a php file on your local machine. When you view it in a browser, you'll see the hostname of the remote machine.
However, that does not mean there are no security worries here. Just try replacing the previous script with this one:
<?php
echo "<?php system(\"hostname\"); ?>";
?>
I'm guessing you can figure out what that's gonna do.
So yes, remote includes can be a major security problem.
Utilizzo di file remoti
Se allow_url_fopen è abilitato in
php.ini, si possono usare le URL HTTP e FTP
con la maggior parte delle funzioni che
richiedono nomi di file come parametri. Ioltre, le URL possono essere
usate con i comandi include,
include_once, requiree
require_once (da PHP 5.2.0,
allow_url_include
deve essere abilitata per questo scopo).
Vedere Supported Protocols and Wrappers per maggiori dettagli sui protocolli supportati dal
PHP.
Nota:
In PHP 4.0.3 e precedenti, al fine di poter utilizzare gli URL wrapper, occorreva specificare l'opzione di configurazione --enable-url-fopen-wrapper .
Nota:
Al momento, le versioni Windows di PHP precedenti la 4.3, non supportano l'accesso remoto ai file con le seguenti funzioni: include, include_once, require e require_once e le funzioni imagecreatefromXXX del modulo GD and Image Funzioni.
Per esempio, si può usare per aprire un file da un web server remoto, elaborare i dati presi da remoto, e usarli per effetuare delle query, o semplicemente visualizzarli con lo stile del proprio sito web.
Example #1 Leggere il titolo di una pagina web remota
<?php
$file = fopen ("http://www.example.com/", "r");
if (!$file) {
echo "<p>Impossibile aprire il file remoto.\n";
exit;
}
while (!feof ($file)) {
$linea = fgets ($file, 1024);
/* Funziona solo se title e i relativi tag sono sulla medesima riga */
if (eregi ("<title>(.*)</title>", $linea, $out)) {
$title = $out[1];
break;
}
}
fclose($file);
?>
Si può anche scrivere in un file remoto via FTP (se l'utente con cui ci si connette ha le autorizzazioni necessarie). Si possono solamente creare nuovi file usando questo metodo, se si prova a sovrascrivere un file che già esiste, fopen() non avrà successo.
Per connettersi con un utenti diversi da 'anonymous' si ha bisogno di specificare lo username (e la relativa password) assieme all'URL, in questo modo: 'ftp://user:password@ftp.example.com/directory/del/file'. (Si può usare lo stesso tipo di sintassi per accedere a file via HTTP quando richiedono autenticazione Basic).
Example #2 Salvataggio di dati su server remoto
<?php
$file = fopen ("ftp://ftp.example.com/incoming/outputfile", "w");
if (!$file) {
echo "<p>Impossibile aprire il file remoto in scrittura.\n";
exit;
}
/* Scrive i dati qui. */
fwrite ($file, $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] . "\n");
fclose ($file);
?>
Nota:
Dall'esempio precedente ci si può fare un'idea di come usare questa tecnica per effettuare dei log in remoto, ma come già accennato, con questo sitema non è possibile scrivere con fopen() su file già esistenti. Per fare una procedura di log distribuito è più indicata la funzione syslog().
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User Contributed Notes
Utilizzo di file remoti - [4 notes]
heck at fas dot harvard dot edu ¶
8 years ago
mail at 3v1n0 dot net ¶
5 years ago
I've changed the function below to support the 4xx errors and the 30x redirects... This is a partial implementation yet but it's sufficient for the normal usage.
I've made a recursive implementation (if a 30x redirect is found), but it could be easily reverted to an iterative way (simple put something like while (!empty $url) at the beginning, and set the $url to an empty string if no 3xx/4xx status are found).
<?
function http_get($url, $range = 0)
{
$url_stuff = parse_url($url);
$port = isset($url_stuff['port']) ? $url_stuff['port'] : 80;
$fp = @fsockopen($url_stuff['host'], $port);
if (!$fp)
return false;
$query = 'GET '.$url_stuff['path'].'?'.$url_stuff['query']." HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$query .= 'Host: '.$url_stuff['host']."\r\n";
$query .= 'Connection: close'."\r\n";
$query .= 'Cache-Control: no'."\r\n";
$query .= 'Accept-Ranges: bytes'."\r\n";
if ($range != 0)
$query .= 'Range: bytes='.$range.'-'."\r\n"; // -500
//$query .= 'Referer: http:/...'."\r\n";
//$query .= 'User-Agent: myphp'."\r\n";
$query .= "\r\n";
fwrite($fp, $query);
$chunksize = 1*(1024*1024);
$headersfound = false;
while (!feof($fp) && !$headersfound) {
$buffer .= @fread($fp, 1);
if (preg_match('/HTTP\/[0-9]\.[0-9][ ]+([0-9]{3}).*\r\n/', $buffer, $matches)) {
$headers['HTTP'] = $matches[1];
$buffer = '';
} else if (preg_match('/([^:][A-Za-z_-]+):[ ]+(.*)\r\n/', $buffer, $matches)) {
$headers[$matches[1]] = $matches[2];
$buffer = '';
} else if (preg_match('/^\r\n/', $buffer)) {
$headersfound = true;
$buffer = '';
}
if (strlen($buffer) >= $chunksize)
return false;
}
if (preg_match('/4[0-9]{2}/', $headers['HTTP']))
return false;
else if (preg_match('/3[0-9]{2}/', $headers['HTTP']) && !empty($headers['Location'])) {
$url = $headers['Location'];
return http_get($url, $range);
}
while (!feof($fp) && $headersfound) {
$buffer = @fread($fp, $chunksize);
echo $buffer;
ob_flush();
flush();
}
$status = fclose($fp);
return $status;
}
?>
geoffrey at nevra dot net ¶
9 years ago
ok, here is the story:
I was trying to download remote images, finding urls throught apache indexs with regexps and fopen()ing them to get the datas. It didn't work. I thought about binary considerations. Putting the 'b' in the second argument of fopen didn't help much, my browser still didn't want to display the images. I finally understood by watching the datas i was getting from the remote host: it was an html page ! hey, i didn't know apache sent html pages when requesting images, did you ?
the right way is then to send an http request via fsockopen. Here comes my second problem, using explode("\n\n", $buffer); to get rid of the headers. The right way is to get the value of the Content-Lenght field and use it in substr($buffer, -$Content-Lenght);
finally, here is my own function to download these files:
<?php
function http_get($url)
{
$url_stuff = parse_url($url);
$port = isset($url_stuff['port']) ? $url_stuff['port'] : 80;
$fp = fsockopen($url_stuff['host'], $port);
$query = 'GET ' . $url_stuff['path'] . " HTTP/1.0\n";
$query .= 'Host: ' . $url_stuff['host'];
$query .= "\n\n";
fwrite($fp, $query);
while ($tmp = fread($fp, 1024))
{
$buffer .= $tmp;
}
preg_match('/Content-Length: ([0-9]+)/', $buffer, $parts);
return substr($buffer, - $parts[1]);
?>
}
ho, maybe you'll say i could have parsed the page to get rid of the html stuff, but i wanted to experience http a little ;)
geoffrey at nevra dot net ¶
6 years ago
Really, you should not send headers terminated by \n - it's not per-rfc supported by a HTTP server.
Instead, send as \r\n which is what the protocol specifies, and that regular expression would be matched anywhere, so match for something like /^Content-Length: \d+$/i on each header-line (headers are terminated by the regular expression /(\r\n|[\r\n])/ - so preg_split on that. Remeber to use the appropriate flags, I can't be arsed to look them up)