Booléen
You can make a signed, negative integer an unsigned integer (in string form) by doing the following:
<?php
$unsigned = sprintf('%u', -5);
echo $unsigned; // prints 4294967291
?>
Les entiers
Un entier est un nombre appartenant à la classe Z = {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...}.
Voir aussi :
- Les entiers de longueur arbitraire / GMP
- Les nombres à virgule flottante
- Les précisions arbitraires / BCMath
Syntaxe
Les entiers peuvent être spécifiés en notation décimale (base 10), hexadécimale (base 16), ou octale (base 8), optionnellement précédée d'un signe (- ou +).
Pour utiliser la notation octale, précédez le nombre d'un 0 (zéro). Pour utiliser la notation hexadécimale, précédez le nombre d'un 0x.
Exemple #1 Les entiers littéraux
<?php
$a = 1234; // un nombre décimal
$a = -123; // un nombre négatif
$a = 0123; // un nombre octal (équivalent à 83 décimales)
$a = 0x1A; // un nombre héxadecimal (équivalent à 26 décimales)
?>
Formellement, la structure d'un entier littéral est :
decimal : [1-9][0-9]*
| 0
hexadecimal : 0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+
octal : 0[0-7]+
integer : [+-]?decimal
| [+-]?hexadecimal
| [+-]?octal
La taille d'un entier est dépendant de la plate-forme, cependant, une valeur maximale d'environ 2 milliards est habituelle (cela correspond à 32 bits signés). PHP ne supporte pas les entiers non-signés. La taille d'un entier peut être déterminée en utilisant la constante PHP_INT_SIZE, et la valeur maximale, en utilisant la constante PHP_INT_MAX depuis PHP 4.4.0 et PHP 5.0.5.
Avertissement
Si un nombre invalide est fourni dans un entier octal (i.e. 8 ou 9), le reste du nombre est ignoré.
Exemple #2 Bizarrerie avec les octales
<?php
var_dump(01090); // 010 octal = 8 décimales
?>
Débordement d'entier
Si PHP rencontre un nombre supérieur au maximal d'un entier, il sera interprété comme un nombre décimal. De la même façon, une opération qui résulte en un nombre supérieur au nombre maximal d'un entier, retournera un nombre décimal.
<?php
$large_number = 2147483647;
var_dump($large_number);
// Affiche : int(2147483647)
$large_number = 2147483648;
var_dump($large_number);
// Affiche : float(2147483648)
// c'est vrai également pour les héxadécimaux compris entre 2^31 et 2^32-1:
var_dump( 0xffffffff );
// Affiche : float(4294967295)
// N'est pas vrai pour les héxadécimaux supérieures à 2^32-1:
var_dump( 0x100000000 );
// Affiche : int(2147483647)
$million = 1000000;
$large_number = 50000 * $million;
var_dump($large_number);
// Affiche : float(50000000000)
?>
Avertissement
Malheureusement, il y a un bogue dans PHP qui fait que ceci ne fonctionne pas toujours correctement, lorsque des nombres négatifs sont demandés. Par exemple, le résultat de -50000 * $million est -429496728. Cependant, lorsque les 2 opérandes sont positives, il n'y a aucun problème.
Ceci a été résolu en PHP 4.1.0.
Il n'y a pas d'opérateur de division entière en PHP. 1/2 contient en fait, float(0.5). La valeur peut être convertie en un entier en l'arrondissant, en utilisant la fonction round().
<?php
var_dump(25/7); // float(3.5714285714286)
var_dump((int) (25/7)); // int(3)
var_dump(round(25/7)); // float(4)
?>
Conversion en entier
Pour convertir explicitement une valeur en un entier, utilisez soit le mot clé (int), soit (integer). Cependant, dans la plupart des cas, ce mot clé n'est pas nécessaire vu qu'une valeur sera automatiquement convertie si un opérateur, une fonction ou une structure de contrôle demande un entier en guise d'argument. Une valeur peut également être convertie en un entier en utilisant la fonction intval().
Voir aussi : le transtypage.
Depuis un booléen
FALSE correspond à 0 (zéro), et TRUE correspond à 1 (un).
Depuis un nombre à virgule flottante
Lorsque l'on convertit un nombre décimal en un entier, le nombre sera arrondi vers zéro.
Si le nombre à virgule flottante est au delà des limites des entiers (habituellement, +/- 2.15e+9 = 2^31), le résultat sera indéfini, sachant que le nombre à virgule flottante n'a pas une précision suffisante pour donner un résultat entier exact. Aucune alerte n'est émise lorsque ce comportement survient !
Avertissement
Ne convertissez jamais une fraction inconnue en un entier, ceci peut engendrer un résultat inattendu.
<?php
echo (int) ( (0.1+0.7) * 10 ); // Affiche 7 !
?>
Voir aussi la section sur les alertes concernant la précision des nombres à virgule flottante.
Depuis des chaînes de caractères
Voir la section sur la conversion des chaînes en nombres
Depuis d'autres types
Attention
Le comportement de la conversion en un entier est indéfini depuis les autres types. Ne rapporter aucun comportement observé, sachant qu'ils peuvent changer sans avertissement.
add a note
User Contributed NotesLes entiers
sean dot gilbertson at gmail dot com
08-Jan-2009 09:57
08-Jan-2009 09:57
Giovanni
30-Oct-2008 06:22
30-Oct-2008 06:22
why not just using logarithms?
$num_of_digits = (int)(log($num,$base) +1);
I think this should be more performant (as it relies on the math coprocessor) and it could be extended to number of digits representing the number in any base, not just decimal
Hamza Burak Ylmaz
24-Oct-2008 09:36
24-Oct-2008 09:36
<?php
//This is a simple function to return number of digits of an integer.
//function declaration
function count_digit($number)
{
$digit = 0;
do
{
$number /= 10; //$number = $number / 10;
$number = intval($number);
$digit++;
}while($number!=0);
return $digit;
}
//function call
$num = 12312;
$number_of_digits = count_digit($num); //this is call :)
echo $number_of_digits;
//prints 5
?>
wbcarts at juno dot com
07-Oct-2008 01:25
07-Oct-2008 01:25
PHP offers a slew of built-in functions and automatic type-casting routines which can get pretty complicated. But most of the time, you still have to take matters into your own hands and allow PHP to do its thing. In that case, and something that has NOT been mentioned, is how to construct your code. To keep things simple, I divide all my scripts in half. The top half gives my scripts the "capability" they need, and the lower half is the actual code to be "run" or "executed".
<?php
/*
* build the program's capability - define variables and functions...
*/
$item_label = ''; // type string
$item_price = 0.0; // type float
$item_qty = 1; // type integer
$item_total = 0.0; // type float - to set use calculate()
function calculate(){
global $item_price, $item_qty, $item_total;
$item_price = number_format($item_price, 2);
$item_total = number_format(($item_price * $item_qty), 2);
}
function itemToString() {
global $item_label, $item_price, $item_qty, $item_total;
return "$item_label [price=\$$item_price, qty=$item_qty, total=\$$item_total]";
}
/*
* run the program - set data, call methods...
*/
$item_label = "Coffee";
$item_price = 3.89;
$item_qty = 2;
calculate(); // set $item_total
echo itemToString(); // -> Coffee [price=$3.89, qty=2, total=$7.78]
$item_label = "Chicken";
$item_price = .80; // per lb.
$item_qty = 3.5; // lbs.
calculate(); // set $item_total
echo itemToString(); // -> Chicken [price=$0.80, qty=3.5, total=$2.80]
?>
Note: All type-casting is done by PHP's built-in number_format() method. This allows our program to enter any number (float or int) on item price or quantity in the runtime part of our script. Also, if we explicitly cast values to integer in the capability part of our script, then we start getting results that may not be desirable for this program. For example, if in the calculate method we cast item_qty to integer, then we can no longer sell chicken by the pound!
dbmuller at gmail dot com
18-Aug-2008 11:43
18-Aug-2008 11:43
be careful relying on PHP's data type handling. I have a class that handles database calls and in there a function to handle types and formatting them for insertion.
<?php
case constants::int:
$returnString = ($valueString >= 0) ? $valueString : "null";
break;
?>
Will evaluate to false if a user enters "0" since PHP thinks that the 0 is a Boolean. The following code fixes it:
<?php
case constants::int:
$returnString = ((int)$valueString >= 0) ? (int)$valueString : "null";
break;
?>
rustamabd at gmail dot com
04-Aug-2008 11:45
04-Aug-2008 11:45
Be very careful with code that relies on integer overflow. Negative overflow is handled differently on different platforms. For example, this code:
<?php
echo (int)-3000000000; // a 32bit negative overflow
?>
... outputs 1294967296 on Windows, and -2147483648 on FreeBSD.
(Tested with php 5.2.6, freebsd 7.0)
eric
11-Jun-2008 08:50
11-Jun-2008 08:50
In response to the comment by me at troyswanson dot net:
-2147483648 falls into the range of 32 bit signed integers yet php treats it as a float. However, -2147483647-1 is treated as an integer.
The following code demonstrates:
<?php
var_dump(-2147483648); //float(-2147483648)
var_dump(-2147483647 - 1); //int(-2147483648)
?>
This is probably very similar to the MS C bug which also treats -2147483648 as an UNSIGNED because it thinks it's out of the range of a signed int.
The problem is that the parser does not view "-x" as a single token, but rather as two, "-" and "x". Since "x" is out of the range of an INT, it is promoted to float, even though in this unique case, "-x" is in the range of an int.
The best cure is probably to replace "-2147483648" with "0x80000000", as that is the hexadecimal equivalent of the same number.
Hope that helps explain what's going on
Peace
- Eric / fez
winterheat
10-Jun-2008 10:25
10-Jun-2008 10:25
PHP_INT_SIZE seems to be 8 when it is 64 bit integers... so 8 means the number of bytes, or number of 8-bits.
Elliott Brueggeman
07-Feb-2008 03:52
07-Feb-2008 03:52
Don't forget about the integer minimum value. From my experimentation, the lowest valid integer is (PHP_INT_MAX * -1)-1. All values smaller than this fail the is_int() test, even though the may appear to act normally during mathematic operations. More info on this: http://www.ebrueggeman.com/blog/php/integers-and-floating-numbers/
bart at NOvankuikSPAM dot nl
09-Jan-2008 09:06
09-Jan-2008 09:06
When handling very large numbers in PHP, you'll notice they get cut off at hexadecimal 7FFFF FFFF. Sometimes, you don't need to use these numbers in an actual calculation in PHP (i.e. just editing and displaying), and just need to save them in a database.
In that case, you can let MySQL handle the conversion from and to hexadecimal notation. In the example below, engineers need to save hexadecimal addresses up to FFFF FFFF. To update such a value in MySQL, use the following query, where 'addr' is a column with type unsigned integer(10).
<?php
$query = "
UPDATE hardware_register
SET name = ?,
type = ?,
addr = conv(?, 16, 10)
WHERE id = ?
";
?>
And selecting:
<?php
$query = "
SELECT name, type, conv(addr, 10, 16)
FROM hardware_register
WHERE id = ?
";
?>
Note that you'll have to treat the resulting addr column as a string everywhere in PHP. You can't do conversions like:
<?php
$addr_decimal = sprintf("%X", $addr_column);
?>
because that'll result in $addr_decimal having the cut-off, maximum int value.
autotelic at NOOOOSPAM dot hotmail dot com
29-Nov-2007 06:36
29-Nov-2007 06:36
A note about converting IP addresses for storage in database. For MySQL, this is unnecessary as it has built in support via the INET functions. Also, there is no need to use BIGINT. UNSIGNED INT is, at 4 bytes, the perfect size for holding an IP (column must be defined as UNSIGNED). This can basically halve the storage size, as BIGINT is an 8 byte data type.
INET_ATON() converts a dotted IP string to INT:
INSERT table(ip) VALUES(INET_ATON('127.0.0.1'));
INET_NTOA() converts an INT to dotted IP string:
SELECT INET_NTOA(ip) FROM table
returns '127.0.0.1'
Details:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/miscellaneous-functions.html
darkshire
16-Nov-2007 12:56
16-Nov-2007 12:56
d_n at NOSPAM dot Loryx dot com
13-Aug-2007 05:33
Here are some tricks to convert from a "dotted" IP address to a LONG int, and backwards. This is very useful because accessing an IP addy in a database table is very much faster if it's stored as a BIGINT rather than in characters.
IP to BIGINT:
<?php
$ipArr = explode('.',$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
$ip = $ipArr[0] * 0x1000000
+ $ipArr[1] * 0x10000
+ $ipArr[2] * 0x100
+ $ipArr[3]
;
?>
This can be written in a bit more efficient way:
<?php
$ipArr = explode('.',$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
$ip = $ipArr[0]<<24
+ $ipArr[1]<<16
+ $ipArr[2] <<8
+ $ipArr[3]
;
?>
shift is more cheaper.
Paul
04-Sep-2007 06:46
04-Sep-2007 06:46
"always round it downwards"
It seems to truncate, or round toward zero, rather than downward. If the float is negative, it is rounded up.
d_n at NOSPAM dot Loryx dot com
13-Aug-2007 12:33
13-Aug-2007 12:33
Here are some tricks to convert from a "dotted" IP address to a LONG int, and backwards. This is very useful because accessing an IP addy in a database table is very much faster if it's stored as a BIGINT rather than in characters.
IP to BIGINT:
<?php
$ipArr = explode('.',$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
$ip = $ipArr[0] * 0x1000000
+ $ipArr[1] * 0x10000
+ $ipArr[2] * 0x100
+ $ipArr[3]
;
?>
IP as BIGINT read from db back to dotted form:
Keep in mind, PHP integer operators are INTEGER -- not long. Also, since there is no integer divide in PHP, we save a couple of S-L-O-W floor (<division>)'s by doing bitshifts. We must use floor(/) for $ipArr[0] because though $ipVal is stored as a long value, $ipVal >> 24 will operate on a truncated, integer value of $ipVal! $ipVint is, however, a nice integer, so
we can enjoy the bitshifts.
<?php
$ipVal = $row['client_IP'];
$ipArr = array(0 =>
floor( $ipVal / 0x1000000) );
$ipVint = $ipVal-($ipArr[0]*0x1000000); // for clarity
$ipArr[1] = ($ipVint & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
$ipArr[2] = ($ipVint & 0xFF00 ) >> 8;
$ipArr[3] = $ipVint & 0xFF;
$ipDotted = implode('.', $ipArr);
?>
me at troyswanson dot net
12-Jun-2007 10:11
12-Jun-2007 10:11
This note applies to machines that are using a 32 bit integer size. I imagine the same results occur in 64 bit machines as well (with the number 2^63-1).
-2147483648 falls into the range of 32 bit signed integers (0b10000000000000000000000000000000), yet php treats it as a float. However, -2147483647-1 is treated as an integer.
The following code demonstrates:
<?php
var_dump(-2147483648); //float(-2147483648)
var_dump(-2147483647 - 1); //int(-2147483648)
?>
Regards
Jacek
10-Mar-2007 12:51
10-Mar-2007 12:51
On 64 bits machines max integer value is 0x7fffffffffffffff (9 223 372 036 854 775 807).
09-Mar-2007 03:26
To force the correct usage of 32-bit unsigned integer in some functions, just add '+0' just before processing them.
for example
echo(dechex("2724838310"));
will print '7FFFFFFF'
but it should print 'A269BBA6'
When adding '+0' php will handle the 32bit unsigned integer
correctly
echo(dechex("2724838310"+0));
will print 'A269BBA6'
popefelix at gmail dot com
21-Dec-2006 02:50
21-Dec-2006 02:50
Be careful when using integer conversion to test something to see if it evaluates to a positive integer or not. You might get unexpected behaviour.
To wit:
<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
require_once 'Date.php';
$date = new Date();
print "\$date is an instance of " . get_class($date) . "\n";
$date += 0;
print "\$date is now $date\n";
var_dump($date);
$foo = new foo();
print "\$foo is an instance of " . get_class($foo) . "\n";
$foo += 0;
print "\$foo is now $foo\n";
var_dump($foo);
class foo {
var $bar = 0;
var $baz = "la lal la";
var $bak;
function foo() {
$bak = 3.14159;
}
}
?>
After the integer conversion, you might expect both $foo and $date to evaluate to 0. However, this is not the case:
$date is an instance of Date
Notice: Object of class Date could not be converted to int in /home/kpeters/work/sketches/ObjectSketch.php on line 7
$date is now 1
int(1)
$foo is an instance of foo
Notice: Object of class foo could not be converted to int in /home/kpeters/work/sketches/ObjectSketch.php on line 13
$foo is now 1
int(1)
This is because the objects are first converted to boolean before being converted to int.
rustamabd@gmail-you-know-what
12-Dec-2006 09:42
12-Dec-2006 09:42
Be careful with using the modulo operation on big numbers, it will cast a float argument to an int and may return wrong results. For example:
<?php
$i = 6887129852;
echo "i=$i\n";
echo "i%36=".($i%36)."\n";
echo "alternative i%36=".($i-floor($i/36)*36)."\n";
?>
Will output:
i=6.88713E+009
i%36=-24
alternative i%36=20
jmw254 at cornell dot edu
25-Aug-2006 05:14
25-Aug-2006 05:14
Try this one instead:
function iplongtostring($ip)
{
$ip=floatval($ip); // otherwise it is capped at 127.255.255.255
$a=($ip>>24)&255;
$b=($ip>>16)&255;
$c=($ip>>8)&255;
$d=$ip&255;
return "$a.$b.$c.$d";
}
rickard_cedergren at yahoo dot com
27-Jan-2005 09:15
27-Jan-2005 09:15
When doing large subtractions on 32 bit unsigned integers the result sometimes end up negative. My example script converts a IPv4 address represented as a 32 bit unsigned integer to a dotted quad (similar to ip2long()), and adds a "fix" to the operation.
/**************************
* int_oct($ip)
* Convert INTeger rep of IP to octal (dotted quad)
*/
function int_oct($ip) {
/* Set variable to float */
settype($ip, float);
/* FIX for silly PHP integer syndrome */
$fix = 0;
if($ip > 2147483647) $fix = 16777216;
if(is_numeric($ip)) {
return(sprintf("%u.%u.%u.%u",
$ip / 16777216,
(($ip % 16777216) + $fix) / 65536,
(($ip % 65536) + $fix / 256) / 256,
($ip % 256) + $fix / 256 / 256
)
);
}
else {
return('');
}
}
23-Dec-2003 06:18
Sometimes you need to parse an unsigned
32 bit integer. Here's a function I 've used:
function parse_unsigned_int($string) {
$x = (float)$string;
if ($x > (float)2147483647)
$x -= (float)"4294967296";
return (int)$x;
}