assert
NOTE: This only works using the CLI
If you need to use dl() with the CLI, but you get this warning:
"PHP Warning: dl(): Dynamically loaded extensions aren't enabled"
Then the 'enable_dl' setting in the php.ini needs to be set to 'On' - the set_ini() function does not work with this INI option.
If, however, you do not wish (or don't have access) to alter the system php.ini, then you can do the following:
<?php
if ( !ini_get('enable_dl') ) {
exec("php -d enable_dl=On $argv[0]");
exit;
}
?>
This simply calls itself and defines the enable_dl INI entry on the command line so you dont have to start the script with options in the first place (or use another script to call it.)
dl
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
dl — Carrega uma extensão do PHP durante a execução
Descrição
int dl
( string $library
)
Carrega a extensão do PHP indicada pelo parâmetro library .
Use extension_loaded() para testar se uma extensão esta disponível ou não. Isto funciona para extensões internas e para aquelas carregadas dinamicamente (através do php.ini ou da função dl()).
Parâmetros
- library
-
Este parâmetro é somente o nome do arquivo da exdtensão a carregar o qual também depende da sua plataforma. Por exemplo, a extensão sockets (se compilada como módulo compartilhado, não o padrão!) seria chamada sockets.so em plataformas Unix enquanto é chamada php_sockets.dll na plataforma Windows.
O diretório a partir do qual a extensão é carregada depende da sua plataforma:
Windows - Se for explicitamente definido no php.ini, a extensão é carregada a partir de c:\php4\extensions\ por padrão.
Unix - Se não for explicitamente definido no php.ini, o diretório padrão das extensões depende de
- se o PHP foi compilado com --enable-debug ou não
- se o PHP foi compilado com suporte (experimental) ZTS (Zend Thread Safety) ou não
- O ZEND_MODULE_API_NO (o número Zend internal module API, o que é basicamente a data onde houve uma mudança maior na API ex. 20010901)
Levando em conta o acima, o diretório padrão poderá ser <install-dir>/lib/php/extensions/ <debug-or-not>-<zts-or-not>-ZEND_MODULE_API_NO, e.g. /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/debug-non-zts-20010901 or /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20010901.
Valor Retornado
Retorna TRUE em caso de sucesso ou FALSE em falhas. Se a funcionalidade de carregar os módulos não estiver disponível (veja a nota) ou foi desabilitada (ou por desativar enable_dl ou por ativar safe mode no php.ini) um E_ERROR é emitido e a execução é parada. Se dl() falhar porque a bliblioteca especificada mão puder ser carregada, em adição a FALSE uma mensagem E_WARNING é emitida.
Exemplos
Exemplo #1 Exemplosdl()
<?php
// Example loading an extension based on OS
if (!extension_loaded('sqlite')) {
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN') {
dl('php_sqlite.dll');
} else {
dl('sqlite.so');
}
}
// Or, the PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX constant is available as of PHP 4.3.0
if (!extension_loaded('sqlite')) {
$prefix = (PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX === 'dll') ? 'php_' : '';
dl($prefix . 'sqlite.' . PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX);
}
?>
Notas
Nota: dl() não e suportado em servidores multi-tarefa. Useextensions no seu php.ini quando estiver operando em um ambiente assim. Em todo o caso, as versões CGI e CLI não são afetadas!
Nota: A partir do PHP 5, a função dl() esta obsoleta em todas as SAPI exceto CLI. Use o método de Diretivas para Carregar Extensões ao invés.
Nota: Desde o PHP 6 esta função esta desabilitada em todas as SAPIs, exceto CLI, CGI e embutida.
Nota: dl() diferencia maiúsculas e minúsculas em plataformas Unix.
Nota: Esta função é desabilitada quando o PHP é executado em safe-mode
Veja Também
- Diretivas para Carregar Extensões
- extension_loaded() - Indica quando uma extensão esta carregada
add a note
User Contributed Notesdl
CLI workaround
18-Feb-2009 11:18
18-Feb-2009 11:18
shaunspiller at spammenot-gmail dot com
29-Jan-2009 08:34
29-Jan-2009 08:34
dl is awkward because the filename format is OS-dependent and because it can complain if the extension is already loaded. This wrapper function fixes that:
<?php
function load_lib($n, $f = null) {
return extension_loaded($n) or dl(((PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX === 'dll') ? 'php_' : '') . ($f ? $f : $n) . '.' . PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX);
}
?>
Examples:
<?php
// ensure we have SSL and MySQL support
load_lib('openssl');
load_lib('mysql');
// a rare few extensions have a different filename to their extension name, such as the image (gd) library, so we specify them like this:
load_lib('gd', 'gd2');
?>
buildsmart at daleenterprise dot com
29-Dec-2006 09:33
29-Dec-2006 09:33
I recently came across this under PHP 4.4.4, it seems that the dl(); function generates an error/warning about registering the function if a test is done on an extension that is pre-loaded in the php.ini file (extension=gd.so).
<?php
$gd_is_shared = "shared-library";
if (function_exists('ImageCreateFromPNG') && !@dl('gd.so')) {
$gd_is_shared = "embedded";
}
print $gd_is_shared;
?>
The only purpose of this test is to determine if it is an embedded extension or a loaded extension.
I don't see this error occur under PHP 5.1.6 or PHP 5.2.0.
The test platform is Mac OS X 10.3.9 and Mac OS X 10.4.8
prozente
23-Nov-2006 11:57
23-Nov-2006 11:57
a note for mag_2000 at front dot ru
the line
$currentExtPath = ini_get('extension_dir');
would be better to be
$currentExtPath = realpath(ini_get('extension_dir'));
I came across some hosts that had ./ set at the extension_dir
docey
31-Dec-2005 05:37
31-Dec-2005 05:37
just some note to loading modules, they do not have to
be executable.
some examples below check for this but if an module is
not executable is does not mean you cant use it. it just
needs to be readable NOT executable.
although some modules might need this perhaps for some
reason i cannot think of, so here an example,
<?php
// fails to load mysql although it could be loaded.
if(is_executable("mysql.so")){
dl("mysql.so");
}
// loads mysql
if(is_readable("mysql.so")){
dl("mysql.so");
}
?>
watch out with this, as you can see mysql.so would not be
loaded and the script would fail. because its checked for
executable permissions although these are not needed.
mag_2000 at front dot ru
06-Dec-2005 07:13
06-Dec-2005 07:13
<?php
function dl_local( $extensionFile ) {
//make sure that we are ABLE to load libraries
if( !(bool)ini_get( "enable_dl" ) || (bool)ini_get( "safe_mode" ) ) {
die( "dh_local(): Loading extensions is not permitted.\n" );
}
//check to make sure the file exists
if( !file_exists( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' does not exist.\n" );
}
//check the file permissions
if( !is_executable( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' is not executable.\n" );
}
//we figure out the path
$currentDir = getcwd() . "/";
$currentExtPath = ini_get( "extension_dir" );
$subDirs = preg_match_all( "/\//" , $currentExtPath , $matches );
unset( $matches );
//lets make sure we extracted a valid extension path
if( !(bool)$subDirs ) {
die( "dl_local(): Could not determine a valid extension path [extension_dir].\n" );
}
$extPathLastChar = strlen( $currentExtPath ) - 1;
if( $extPathLastChar == strrpos( $currentExtPath , "/" ) ) {
$subDirs--;
}
$backDirStr = "";
for( $i = 1; $i <= $subDirs; $i++ ) {
$backDirStr .= "..";
if( $i != $subDirs ) {
$backDirStr .= "/";
}
}
//construct the final path to load
$finalExtPath = $backDirStr . $currentDir . $extensionFile;
//now we execute dl() to actually load the module
if( !dl( $finalExtPath ) ) {
die();
}
//if the module was loaded correctly, we must bow grab the module name
$loadedExtensions = get_loaded_extensions();
$thisExtName = $loadedExtensions[ sizeof( $loadedExtensions ) - 1 ];
//lastly, we return the extension name
return $thisExtName;
}//end dl_local()
?>
james at gogo dot co dot nz
18-Jul-2005 11:30
18-Jul-2005 11:30
WARNING: enable_dl/dl()
*********************
There is an exploit circulating currently which takes advantage of dl() to inject code into Apache which causes all requests to all virtual hosts to be redirected to a page of the attackers choice.
All operators of shared web hosting servers with Apache and PHP should disable dl() by setting enable_dl to off otherwise your servers are vulnerable to this exploit.
This exploit is generally known as flame.so (the object that is loaded into Apache) and flame.php (the php script that loads it).
Google gives more information:
http://www.google.co.nz/search?q=flame.so+flame.php
endofyourself at yahoo dot com
18-Oct-2003 11:12
18-Oct-2003 11:12
If you need to load an extension from the CURRENT local directory because you do not have privelages to place the extension in your servers PHP extensions directory, this function i wrote may be of use to you
<?php
/*
Function: dl_local()
Reference: http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.dl.php
Author: Brendon Crawford <endofyourself |AT| yahoo>
Usage: dl_local( "mylib.so" );
Returns: Extension Name (NOT the extension filename however)
NOTE:
This function can be used when you need to load a PHP extension (module,shared object,etc..),
but you do not have sufficient privelages to place the extension in the proper directory where it can be loaded. This function
will load the extension from the CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY only.
If you need to see which functions are available within a certain extension,
use "get_extension_funcs()". Documentation for this can be found at
"http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.get-extension-funcs.php".
*/
function dl_local( $extensionFile ) {
//make sure that we are ABLE to load libraries
if( !(bool)ini_get( "enable_dl" ) || (bool)ini_get( "safe_mode" ) ) {
die( "dh_local(): Loading extensions is not permitted.\n" );
}
//check to make sure the file exists
if( !file_exists( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' does not exist.\n" );
}
//check the file permissions
if( !is_executable( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' is not executable.\n" );
}
//we figure out the path
$currentDir = getcwd() . "/";
$currentExtPath = ini_get( "extension_dir" );
$subDirs = preg_match_all( "/\//" , $currentExtPath , $matches );
unset( $matches );
//lets make sure we extracted a valid extension path
if( !(bool)$subDirs ) {
die( "dl_local(): Could not determine a valid extension path [extension_dir].\n" );
}
$extPathLastChar = strlen( $currentExtPath ) - 1;
if( $extPathLastChar == strrpos( $currentExtPath , "/" ) ) {
$subDirs--;
}
$backDirStr = "";
for( $i = 1; $i <= $subDirs; $i++ ) {
$backDirStr .= "..";
if( $i != $subDirs ) {
$backDirStr .= "/";
}
}
//construct the final path to load
$finalExtPath = $backDirStr . $currentDir . $extensionFile;
//now we execute dl() to actually load the module
if( !dl( $finalExtPath ) ) {
die();
}
//if the module was loaded correctly, we must bow grab the module name
$loadedExtensions = get_loaded_extensions();
$thisExtName = $loadedExtensions[ sizeof( $loadedExtensions ) - 1 ];
//lastly, we return the extension name
return $thisExtName;
}//end dl_local()
?>
tychay at php dot net
06-Jul-2003 03:15
06-Jul-2003 03:15
MacOS makes a distinction between dynamically loadable shared libraries and loadable modules of code (bundles). The former has an extension .dylib and the latter has an extension .so. The former is in Mac-O and the latter is in ELF.
Thus PHP's extensions are built as .so whereas the symbol PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX is bound (currently) to .dylib. I don't think this is the correct behavior, but nonetheless, it is the behavior as of PHP-5.0.0b2-dev. Right now, the config binds to SHLIB_SUFFIX_NAME (which is correctly bound to .dylib on Mac OS X). I imagine this is related to why there is so much trouble getting dl() to work on Mac OS X. (For instance, I have no trouble phpizing in a new shared library, but when compiling in stuff as shared... much evilness!)
BTW, to get dl() to work in Mac OS X you need to install the dlcompat library (via Fink, DarwinPorts, or Gentoo ports). Remember in the case of Fink, you better make sure your environment variables are adjusted to point to where dlcompat (and your other fink libraries) are.
terry