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$_SERVER

$_SERVER服务器和执行环境信息

说明

$_SERVER 是一个包含了诸如头信息(header)、路径(path)、以及脚本位置(script locations)等信息的 array。这个数组中的条目由 Web 服务器创建,所以不能保证每个 Web 服务器都提供全部条目;服务器可能会忽略一些,或者提供此处没有列举出来的其它内容。然而,大部分变量在 » CGI 1.1 规范中都有说明,并且很可能会定义。

注意: 当在命令行运行 PHP 时,这些条目都将无效或者没有任何意义。

除了下面列出的元素之外,PHP 还将使用请求报头中的值创建其它元素,这些条目将命名为 HTTP_ 后跟报头名称,大写且使用下划线而不是连字符。例如 Accept-Language 报头将作为 $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] 提供。

目录

'PHP_SELF'
当前执行脚本的文件名,与 document root 有关。例如,在地址为 http://example.com/foo/bar.php 的脚本中使用 $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] 将得到 /foo/bar.php__FILE__ 常量包含当前(例如包含)文件的完整路径和文件名。 如果 PHP 以命令行模式运行,这个变量将包含脚本名。
'argv'
传递给该脚本的参数的数组。当脚本以命令行方式运行时,argv 变量传递给程序 C 语言样式的命令行参数。当通过 GET 方式调用时,该变量包含query string。
'argc'
包含命令行模式下传递给该脚本的参数的数目(如果运行在命令行模式下)。
'GATEWAY_INTERFACE'
服务器使用的 CGI 规范的版本;例如,'CGI/1.1'
'SERVER_ADDR'
当前运行脚本所在的服务器的 IP 地址。
'SERVER_NAME'
当前运行脚本所在的服务器的主机名。如果脚本运行于虚拟主机中,该名称是由那个虚拟主机所设置的值决定。

注意: 在 Apache 2 里,必须设置 UseCanonicalName = OnServerName。否则该值会由客户端提供,就有可能被伪造。上下文有安全性要求的环境里,不应该依赖此值。

'SERVER_SOFTWARE'
服务器标识字符串,在响应请求时的头信息中给出。
'SERVER_PROTOCOL'
请求页面时通信协议的名称和版本。例如,'HTTP/1.0'
'REQUEST_METHOD'
访问页面使用的请求方法;例如,'GET''HEAD''POST''PUT'

注意:

如果请求方法为 HEAD,PHP 脚本将在发送 Header 头信息之后终止(这意味着在产生任何输出后,不再有输出缓冲)。

'REQUEST_TIME'
请求开始时的时间戳。
'REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT'
请求开始时的时间戳,微秒级别的精准度。
'QUERY_STRING'
query string(查询字符串),如果有的话,通过它进行页面访问。
'DOCUMENT_ROOT'
当前运行脚本所在的文档根目录。在服务器配置文件中定义。
'HTTPS'
如果脚本是通过 HTTPS 协议被访问,则被设为一个非空的值。
'REMOTE_ADDR'
浏览当前页面的用户的 IP 地址。
'REMOTE_HOST'
浏览当前页面的用户的主机名。DNS 反向解析不依赖于用户的 REMOTE_ADDR

注意: 必须配置 Web 服务器以创建这个变量。例如在 Apache 中,HostnameLookups On 必须在 httpd.conf 中设置才能存在。参见 gethostbyaddr()

'REMOTE_PORT'
用户机器上连接到 Web 服务器所使用的端口号。
'REMOTE_USER'
经验证的用户
'REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER'
验证的用户,如果请求已在内部重定向。
'SCRIPT_FILENAME'

当前执行脚本的绝对路径。

注意:

如果在命令行界面(Command Line Interface, CLI)使用相对路径执行脚本,例如 file.php../file.php,那么 $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] 将包含用户指定的相对路径。

'SERVER_ADMIN'
该值指明了 Apache 服务器配置文件中的 SERVER_ADMIN 参数。如果脚本运行在一个虚拟主机上,则该值是那个虚拟主机的值。
'SERVER_PORT'
Web 服务器使用的端口。默认值为 '80'。如果使用 SSL 安全连接,则这个值为用户设置的 HTTP 端口。

注意: 在 Apache 2 里,为了获取真实物理端口,必须设置 UseCanonicalName = On 以及 UseCanonicalPhysicalPort = On,否则可能伪造此值,不一定会返回真实端口值。 上下文有安全性要求的环境里,不应该依赖此值。

'SERVER_SIGNATURE'
包含了服务器版本和虚拟主机名的字符串。
'PATH_TRANSLATED'
当前脚本所在文件系统(非文档根目录)的基本路径。这是在服务器进行虚拟到真实路径的映像后的结果。

注意: Apache 2 用户可以在 httpd.conf 中设置 AcceptPathInfo = On 来定义 PATH_INFO

'SCRIPT_NAME'
包含当前脚本的路径。这在页面需要指向自己时非常有用。__FILE__ 常量包含当前脚本(例如包含文件)的完整路径和文件名。
'REQUEST_URI'
URI 用来指定要访问的页面。例如 “/index.html”。
'PHP_AUTH_DIGEST'
当作为 Apache 模块运行时,进行 HTTP Digest 认证的过程中,此变量被设置成客户端发送的“Authorization” HTTP 头内容(以便作进一步的认证操作)。
'PHP_AUTH_USER'
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 或 IIS(PHP 5 是 ISAPI)模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是用户输入的用户名。
'PHP_AUTH_PW'
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 或 IIS(PHP 5 是 ISAPI)模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是用户输入的密码。
'AUTH_TYPE'
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是认证的类型。
'PATH_INFO'
如果存在的话,包含由客户端提供的、跟在真实脚本名称之后并且在查询字符串之前的路径信息。例如,如果当前脚本是通过 URI http://www.example.com/php/path_info.php/some/stuff?foo=bar 访问,那么 $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] 将包含 /some/stuff
'ORIG_PATH_INFO'
在被 PHP 处理之前,“PATH_INFO” 的原始版本。

示例

示例 #1 $_SERVER 范例

<?php
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
?>

以上示例的输出类似于:

www.example.com

注释

注意:

“Superglobal”也称为自动化的全局变量。这就表示其在脚本的所有作用域中都是可用的。不需要在函数或方法中用 global $variable; 来访问它。

add a note

User Contributed Notes 40 notes

up
144
Vladimir Kornea
15 years ago
1. All elements of the $_SERVER array whose keys begin with 'HTTP_' come from HTTP request headers and are not to be trusted.

2. All HTTP headers sent to the script are made available through the $_SERVER array, with names prefixed by 'HTTP_'.

3. $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] is dangerous if misused. If login.php/nearly_arbitrary_string is requested, $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] will contain not just login.php, but the entire login.php/nearly_arbitrary_string. If you've printed $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] as the value of the action attribute of your form tag without performing HTML encoding, an attacker can perform XSS attacks by offering users a link to your site such as this:

<a href='http://www.example.com/login.php/"><script type="text/javascript">...</script><span a="'>Example.com</a>

The javascript block would define an event handler function and bind it to the form's submit event. This event handler would load via an <img> tag an external file, with the submitted username and password as parameters.

Use $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] instead of $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']. HTML encode every string sent to the browser that should not be interpreted as HTML, unless you are absolutely certain that it cannot contain anything that the browser can interpret as HTML.
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57
vcoletti at tiscali dot it
4 years ago
To list all the $_SERVER parameters, simply do:

foreach ($_SERVER as $parm => $value) echo "$parm = '$value'\n";

No need to list all possible keys of the array.
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39
Lord Mac
14 years ago
An even *more* improved version...

<?php
phpinfo
(32);
?>
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34
MarkAgius at markagius dot co dot uk
12 years ago
You have missed 'REDIRECT_STATUS'

Very useful if you point all your error pages to the same file.

File; .htaccess
# .htaccess file.

ErrorDocument 404 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 500 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 400 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 401 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 403 /error-msg.php
# End of file.

File; error-msg.php
<?php
$HttpStatus
= $_SERVER["REDIRECT_STATUS"] ;
if(
$HttpStatus==200) {print "Document has been processed and sent to you.";}
if(
$HttpStatus==400) {print "Bad HTTP request ";}
if(
$HttpStatus==401) {print "Unauthorized - Iinvalid password";}
if(
$HttpStatus==403) {print "Forbidden";}
if(
$HttpStatus==500) {print "Internal Server Error";}
if(
$HttpStatus==418) {print "I'm a teapot! - This is a real value, defined in 1998";}

?>
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24
pierstoval at example dot com
6 years ago
As PHP $_SERVER var is populated with a lot of vars, I think it's important to say that it's also populated with environment vars.

For example, with a PHP script, we can have this:

MY_ENV_VAR=Hello php -r 'echo $_SERVER["MY_ENV_VAR"];'

Will show "Hello".

But, internally, PHP makes sure that "internal" keys in $_SERVER are not overriden, so you wouldn't be able to do something like this:

REQUEST_TIME=Hello php -r 'var_dump($_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME"]);'

Will show something like 1492897785

However, a lot of vars are still vulnerable from environment injection.

I created a gist here ( https://gist.github.com/Pierstoval/f287d3e61252e791a943dd73874ab5ee ) with my PHP configuration on windows with PHP7.0.15 on WSL with bash, the results are that the only "safe" vars are the following:

PHP_SELF
SCRIPT_NAME
SCRIPT_FILENAME
PATH_TRANSLATED
DOCUMENT_ROOT
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
REQUEST_TIME
argv
argc

All the rest can be overriden with environment vars, which is not very cool actually because it can break PHP applications sometimes...

(and I only tested on CLI, I had no patience to test with Apache mod_php or Nginx + PHP-FPM, but I can imagine that not a lot of $_SERVER properties are "that" secure...)
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22
jonbarnett at gmail dot com
15 years ago
It's worth noting that $_SERVER variables get created for any HTTP request headers, including those you might invent:

If the browser sends an HTTP request header of:
X-Debug-Custom: some string

Then:

<?php
$_SERVER
['HTTP_X_DEBUG_CUSTOM']; // "some string"
?>

There are better ways to identify the HTTP request headers sent by the browser, but this is convenient if you know what to expect from, for example, an AJAX script with custom headers.

Works in PHP5 on Apache with mod_php. Don't know if this is true from other environments.
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13
chris at ocproducts dot com
6 years ago
Guide to absolute paths...

Data: __FILE__
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname of the running PHP file, including the filename.
Caveat: This is not the file called by the PHP processor, it's what is running. So if you are inside an include, it's the include.
Caveat: Symbolic links are pre-resolved, so don't trust comparison of paths to be accurate.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Yes

Data: __DIR__
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname to the running PHP file, excluding the filename
Caveat: This is not the file called by the PHP processor, it's what is running. So if you are inside an include, it's the include.
Caveat: Symbolic links are pre-resolved, so don't trust comparison of paths to be accurate.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Yes

Data: $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname of the origin PHP file, including the filename
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting by copying from __FILE__ before other files are included.
Caveat: Symbolic links are not pre-resolved, use PHP's 'realpath' function if you need it resolved.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Caveat: "Filename" makes you think it is just a filename, but it really is the full absolute pathname. Read the identifier as "Script's filesystem (path)name".
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Yes

Data: $_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname of the origin PHP file, including the filename
Caveat: It's probably not set, best to just not use it. Just use realpath($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) (and be aware that itself may need to have been emulated).
Caveat: Symbolic links are pre-resolved, so don't trust comparison of paths to be accurate.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']
Data type: String
Purpose: Get the absolute path to the web server's document root. No trailing slash.
Caveat: Don't trust this to be set, or set correctly, unless you control the server environment.
Caveat: May or may not have symbolic links pre-resolved, use PHP's 'realpath' function if you need it resolved.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Note that if something is not set it may be missing from $_SERVER, or it may be blank, so use PHP's 'empty' function for your test.

Note that if you call "php --info" on the command line then naturally some of these settings are going to be blank, as no PHP file is involved.
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20
Richard York
14 years ago
Not documented here is the fact that $_SERVER is populated with some pretty useful information when accessing PHP via the shell.

["_SERVER"]=>
array(24) {
["MANPATH"]=>
string(48) "/usr/share/man:/usr/local/share/man:/usr/X11/man"
["TERM"]=>
string(11) "xterm-color"
["SHELL"]=>
string(9) "/bin/bash"
["SSH_CLIENT"]=>
string(20) "127.0.0.1 41242 22"
["OLDPWD"]=>
string(60) "/Library/WebServer/Domains/www.example.com/private"
["SSH_TTY"]=>
string(12) "/dev/ttys000"
["USER"]=>
string(5) "username"
["MAIL"]=>
string(15) "/var/mail/username"
["PATH"]=>
string(57) "/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin"
["PWD"]=>
string(56) "/Library/WebServer/Domains/www.example.com/www"
["SHLVL"]=>
string(1) "1"
["HOME"]=>
string(12) "/Users/username"
["LOGNAME"]=>
string(5) "username"
["SSH_CONNECTION"]=>
string(31) "127.0.0.1 41242 10.0.0.1 22"
["_"]=>
string(12) "/usr/bin/php"
["__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING"]=>
string(9) "0x1F5:0:0"
["PHP_SELF"]=>
string(10) "Shell.php"
["SCRIPT_NAME"]=>
string(10) "Shell.php"
["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]=>
string(10) "Shell.php"
["PATH_TRANSLATED"]=>
string(10) "Shell.php"
["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]=>
string(0) ""
["REQUEST_TIME"]=>
int(1247162183)
["argv"]=>
array(1) {
[0]=>
string(10) "Shell.php"
}
["argc"]=>
int(1)
}
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10
ywarnier at beeznest dot org
6 years ago
Note that $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] might include the scheme and domain in certain cases.

This happens, for example, when calling the page through a call to stream_context_create() with a HTTP header of 'request_fulluri' set to 1.

For example:

$http = ['request_fulluri' => 1, /* other params here */];
$context = stream_context_create(array( 'http' => $http ));
$fp = fopen($some_url, 'rb', false, $context);

When outputting $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] on the server at $some_url, you will get
https://some_url/some_script.php

Remove the request_fulluri => 1 option, and $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] gets back to its "normal":
/some_script.php

Apparently, request_fulluri is useful when using some proxy servers.

In this case, there is no proper way to "detect" if this option was set or not, and you should probably use a combination of other $_SERVER[] elements (like REQUEST_SCHEME, SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT) to determine if this was the case.

One quick (and improvable) way to detect it would be to compare the start of the REQUEST_URI with REQUEST_SCHEME:

$scheme = $_SERVER['REQUEST_SCHEME'] . '://';
if (strcmp(substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], 0, strlen($scheme)), $scheme) === 0) {
// request_fulluri was set
}
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14
krinklemail at gmail dot com
11 years ago
If requests to your PHP script send a header "Content-Type" or/ "Content-Length" it will, contrary to regular HTTP headers, not appear in $_SERVER as $_SERVER['HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE']. PHP removes these (per CGI/1.1 specification[1]) from the HTTP_ match group.

They are still accessible, but only if the request was a POST request. When it is, it'll be available as:
$_SERVER['CONTENT_LENGTH']
$_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']

[1] https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875
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3
Daniels118
2 years ago
If you need to know the protocol (http or https) used by the client, then the $_SERVER['HTTPS'] variable may not actually report the truth if your server is behind a proxy or a load balancer (In fact the client could connect to the load balancer using https, and then the load balancer forward the request to the server using http).
If the proxy/load balancer is correctly configured it could send the original request protocol in a header, and you will find it in the $_SERVER[HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO] variable.
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10
chris at ocproducts dot com
6 years ago
Guide to URL paths...

Data: $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, including path-info (see $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) and excluding URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is after URL rewrites (i.e. it's as seen by PHP, not necessarily the original call URL).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Tenuous (emulated to contain just the exact call path of the CLI script, with whatever exotic relative pathname you may call with, not made absolute and not normalised or pre-resolved)

Data: $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, excluding path-info and excluding URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is after URL rewrites (i.e. it's as seen by PHP, not necessarily the original call URL).
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting via preg_replace('#\.php/.*#', '.php', $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Tenuous (emulated to contain just the exact call path of the CLI script, with whatever exotic relative pathname you may call with, not made absolute and not normalised or pre-resolved)

Data: $_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, path-info is N/A and excluding URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is before URL rewrites (i.e. it's as per the original call URL).
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, and definitely only ones with URL rewrites.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, including path-info and including URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is before URL rewrites (i.e. it's as per the original call URL). *
*: I've seen at least one situation where this is not true (there was another $_SERVER variable to use instead supplied by the URL rewriter), but the author of the URL rewriter later fixed it so probably fair to dismiss this particular note.
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting via $_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'] . '?' . http_build_query($_GET) [if $_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'] is set, and imperfect as we don't know what GET parameters were originally passed vs which were injected in the URL rewrite] --otherwise-- $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?' . http_build_query($_GET).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']
Data type: String
Purpose: Find the path-info, which is data after the .php filename in the URL call. It's a strange concept.
Caveat: Some environments may not support it, it is best avoided unless you have complete server control
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Note that if something is not set it may be missing from $_SERVER, or it may be blank, so use PHP's 'empty' function for your test.
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10
Tonin
15 years ago
When using the $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] variable in an apache virtual host setup with a ServerAlias directive, be sure to check the UseCanonicalName apache directive. If it is On, this variable will always have the apache ServerName value. If it is Off, it will have the value given by the headers sent by the browser.

Depending on what you want to do the content of this variable, put in On or Off.
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7
Stefano (info at sarchittu dot org)
13 years ago
A way to get the absolute path of your page, independent from the site position (so works both on local machine and on server without setting anything) and from the server OS (works both on Unix systems and Windows systems).

The only parameter it requires is the folder in which you place this script
So, for istance, I'll place this into my SCRIPT folder, and I'll write SCRIPT word length in $conflen

<?php
$conflen
=strlen('SCRIPT');
$B=substr(__FILE__,0,strrpos(__FILE__,'/'));
$A=substr($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'], strrpos($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'], $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']));
$C=substr($B,strlen($A));
$posconf=strlen($C)-$conflen-1;
$D=substr($C,1,$posconf);
$host='http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].'/'.$D;
?>

$host will finally contain the absolute path.
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12
steve at sc-fa dot com
14 years ago
If you are serving from behind a proxy server, you will almost certainly save time by looking at what these $_SERVER variables do on your machine behind the proxy.

$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] in place of $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']

$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'] and
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SERVER'] in place of (at least in our case,) $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']
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4
Mark Simon
4 years ago
So near, and yet so far …

$_SERVER has nearly everything you need to know about the current web page environment. Something which would have been handy is easy access to the protocol and the actual web root.

For the protocol, you may or may not have $_SERVER['HTTPS'] and it may or may not be empty. For the web root, $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] depends on the server configuration, and doesn’t work for virtual hosts.

For practical purposes, I normally include something like the following in my scripts:

<?php
// Web Root
// Usage: include("$root/includes/something.inc.php");
$root = $_SERVER['WEB_ROOT'] = str_replace($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'],'',$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']);

// Host & Protocol
// Usage: $url = "$protocol://$host/images/something.jpg";
$host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$protocol=$_SERVER['PROTOCOL'] = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && !empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) ? 'https' : 'http';
?>
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3
lemonostif at gmail dot com
4 years ago
PHP_SELF is a disgrace of a programmer's work. One of the most widespread PHP vulnerabilities since version 4 and the manual says nothing about the dangers. At least clarify that ITS VALUE CAN BE PROVIDED BY THE USER with capitals preferably if you want to make the internet a safer place...
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6
info at mtprod dot com
15 years ago
On Windows IIS 7 you must use $_SERVER['LOCAL_ADDR'] rather than $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] to get the server's IP address.
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5
jarrod at squarecrow dot com
14 years ago
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] is incredibly useful especially when working in your development environment. If you're working on large projects you'll likely be including a large number of files into your pages. For example:

<?php
//Defines constants to use for "include" URLS - helps keep our paths clean

define("REGISTRY_CLASSES", $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/SOAP/classes/");
define("REGISTRY_CONTROLS", $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/SOAP/controls/");

define("STRING_BUILDER", REGISTRY_CLASSES. "stringbuilder.php");
define("SESSION_MANAGER", REGISTRY_CLASSES. "sessionmanager.php");
define("STANDARD_CONTROLS", REGISTRY_CONTROLS."standardcontrols.php");
?>

In development environments, you're rarely working with your root folder, especially if you're running PHP locally on your box and using DOCUMENT_ROOT is a great way to maintain URL conformity. This will save you hours of work preparing your application for deployment from your box to a production server (not to mention save you the headache of include path failures).
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5
Tom
11 years ago
Be warned that most contents of the Server-Array (even $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']) are provided by the client and can be manipulated. They can also be used for injections and thus MUST be checked and treated like any other user input.
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4
php at isnoop dot net
13 years ago
Use the apache SetEnv directive to set arbitrary $_SERVER variables in your vhost or apache config.

SetEnv varname "variable value"
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3
picov at e-link dot it
12 years ago
A simple function to detect if the current page address was rewritten by mod_rewrite:

<?php
public function urlWasRewritten() {
$realScriptName=$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
$virtualScriptName=reset(explode("?", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']));
return !(
$realScriptName==$virtualScriptName);
}
?>
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1
centurianii at yahoo dot co dot uk
6 years ago
If you apply redirection in ALL your requests using commands at the Apache virtual host file like:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!=/index.php"
RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "index.php?$1" [NC,NE,L,QSA]
you should expect some deviations in your $_SERVER global.

Say, you send a url of: [hostname here]/a/b?x=1&y=2
which makes Apache to modify to: /index.php?/a/b?x=1&y=2

Now your $_SERVER global contains among others:
'REQUEST_URI' => '/a/b?x=1&y=2', it retains the initial url after the host
'QUERY_STRING' => 'a/b&x=1&y=2', notice how php replaces '?' with '&'
'SCRIPT_NAME' => '/index.php', as it was intended to be.

To test your $_SERVER global:
function serverArray(){
$arr = array();
foreach($_SERVER as $key=>$value)
$arr[] = '&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\'' . $key . '\' => \'' . (isset($value)? $value : '-') . '\'';
return @\sort($arr)? '$_SERVER = array(<br />' . implode($arr, ',<br />') . '<br />);' : false;
}
echo serverArray();
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4
chris
14 years ago
A table of everything in the $_SERVER array can be found near the bottom of the output of phpinfo();
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1
chris at ocproducts dot com
6 years ago
Guide to script parameters...

Data: $_GET
Data type: Array (map)
Purpose: Contains all GET parameters (i.e. a parsed URL query string).
Caveat: GET parameter names have to be compliant with PHP variable naming, e.g. dots are not allowed and get substituted.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']
Data type: String
Purpose: Gets an unparsed URL query string.
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting via http_build_query($_GET).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['argv']
Data type: Array (list)
Purpose: Get CLI call parameters.
Works on web mode: Tenuous (just contains a single parameter, the query string)
Works on CLI mode: Yes
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3
silverquick at gmail dot com
15 years ago
I think the HTTPS element will only be present under Apache 2.x. It's not in the list of "special" variables here:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteCond
But it is here:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond
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4
mirko dot steiner at slashdevslashnull dot de
14 years ago
<?php

// RFC 2616 compatible Accept Language Parser
// http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt, 14.4 Accept-Language, Page 104
// Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1

foreach (explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']) as $lang) {
$pattern = '/^(?P<primarytag>[a-zA-Z]{2,8})'.
'(?:-(?P<subtag>[a-zA-Z]{2,8}))?(?:(?:;q=)'.
'(?P<quantifier>\d\.\d))?$/';

$splits = array();

printf("Lang:,,%s''\n", $lang);
if (
preg_match($pattern, $lang, $splits)) {
print_r($splits);
} else {
echo
"\nno match\n";
}
}

?>

example output:

Google Chrome 3.0.195.27 Windows xp

Lang:,,de-DE''
Array
(
[0] => de-DE
[primarytag] => de
[1] => de
[subtag] => DE
[2] => DE
)
Lang:,,de;q=0.8''
Array
(
[0] => de;q=0.8
[primarytag] => de
[1] => de
[subtag] =>
[2] =>
[quantifier] => 0.8
[3] => 0.8
)
Lang:,,en-US;q=0.6''
Array
(
[0] => en-US;q=0.6
[primarytag] => en
[1] => en
[subtag] => US
[2] => US
[quantifier] => 0.6
[3] => 0.6
)
Lang:,,en;q=0.4''
Array
(
[0] => en;q=0.4
[primarytag] => en
[1] => en
[subtag] =>
[2] =>
[quantifier] => 0.4
[3] => 0.4
)
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2
pomat at live dot it
10 years ago
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] may contain backslashes on windows systems, and of course it may or may not have a trailing slash (backslash).
I saw the following as an example of the proper way we're supposed to deal with this issue:

<?php
include(dirname($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'file.php');
?>

Ok, the latter may be used to access a file inside the parent directory of the document root, but actually does not properly address the issue.
In the end, don't warry about. It should be safe to use forward slashes and append a trailing slash in all cases.
Let's say we have this:

<?php
$path
= 'subdir/file.php';
$result = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/' . $path;
?>

On linux $result might be something like
1) "/var/www/subdir/file.php"
2) "/var/www//subdir/file.php"
String 2 is parsed the same as string 1 (have a try with command 'cd').

On windows $result might be something like
1) "C:/apache/htdocs/subdir/file.php"
2) "C:/apache/htdocs//subdir/file.php"
3) "C:\apache\htdocs/subdir/file.php"
4) "C:\apache\htdocs\/subdir/file.php"
All those strings are parsed as "C:\apache\htdocs\subdir\file.php" (have a try with 'cd').
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3
pudding06 at gmail dot com
14 years ago
Here's a simple, quick but effective way to block unwanted external visitors to your local server:

<?php
// only local requests
if ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] !== '127.0.0.1') die(header("Location: /"));
?>

This will direct all external traffic to your home page. Of course you could send a 404 or other custom error. Best practice is not to stay on the page with a custom error message as you acknowledge that the page does exist. That's why I redirect unwanted calls to (for example) phpmyadmin.
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0
sammyhacker at gmail dot com
2 years ago
To put it simply, $_SERVER contains all the environment variables.

CGI works by an HTTP application server filling in all the required environment variables and invoking the PHP process. And these environment variables are stored under $_SERVER.
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2
wbeaumo1 at gmail dot com
13 years ago
Don't forget $_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE']. It contains the raw value of the 'Cookie' header sent by the user agent.
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0
lilJoshu
5 years ago
Remember,

Although $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] is initially built with GET, POST, PUT, HEAD in mind, a server can allow more.

This may be important if you're building a RESTful interfaces that will also use methods such as PATCH and DELETE.

Also important as a security risk as a possible point of injection. In the event of building something acting based on REQUEST_METHOD, it's recommended to put it in a switch statement.

<?php
switch ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]){
case
"PUT":
foo_replace_data();
break;
case
"POST":
foo_add_data();
break;
case
"HEAD";
foo_set_that_cookie();
break;
case
"GET":
default:
foo_fetch_stuff()
break;
}

?>
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-1
jit_chavan at yahoo dot com
10 years ago
searched $_SERVER["REDIRECT_URL"] for a while and noted that it is not mentioned in php documentation page itself. look like this is only generated by apache server(not others) and using $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"] will be useful in some cases as mine.
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-2
plugwash at p10link dot net
8 years ago
Be aware that it's a bad idea to access x-forwarded-for and similar headers through this array. The header names are mangled when populating the array and this mangling can introduce spoofing vulnerabilities.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Brion_VIBBER/Cool_Cat_incident_report for details of a real world exploit of this.
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-4
2962051004 at qq dot com
6 years ago
<?php
/*
Sometimes you will find that your website will not get the correct user IP after adding CDN, then this function will help you
*/
function real_ip()
{
$ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
if (isset(
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && preg_match_all('#\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}#s', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], $matches)) {
foreach (
$matches[0] AS $xip) {
if (!
preg_match('#^(10|172\.16|192\.168)\.#', $xip)) {
$ip = $xip;
break;
}
}
} elseif (isset(
$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$/', $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
} elseif (isset(
$_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP']) && preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$/', $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) {
$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'];
} elseif (isset(
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP']) && preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$/', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP'])) {
$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP'];
}
return
$ip;

}
echo
real_ip();

?>
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-4
cupy at email dot cz
14 years ago
Tech note:
$_SERVER['argc'] and $_SERVER['argv'][] has some funny behaviour,
used from linux (bash) commandline, when called like
"php ./script_name.php 0x020B"
there is everything correct, but
"./script_name.php 0x020B"
is not correct - "0" is passed instead of "0x020B" as $_SERVER['argv'][1] - see the script below.
Looks like the parameter is not passed well from bash to PHP.
(but, inspected on the level of bash, 0x020B is understood well as $1)

try this example:

------------->8------------------
cat ./script_name.php
#! /usr/bin/php

if( $_SERVER['argc'] == 2)
{
// funny... we have to do this trick to pass e.g. 0x020B from parameters
// ignore this: "PHP Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in ..."
$EID = $_SERVER['argv'][1] + $_SERVER['argv'][2] + $_SERVER['argv'][3];
}
else
{ // default
$EID = 0x0210; // PPS failure
}
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-4
Johan Winge
3 years ago
It should probably be noted that the value of $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] will never contain the substring "HTTPS". Assuming this is a common source of bugs and confusion. Instead, see $_SERVER['HTTPS'].
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-5
DanielTahar
3 years ago
To expand a bit on the price you could pay for relying on 'HTTP_REFERER': several large news sites I read often have paywalls, with cookies in place so you can only read X articles before you must subscribe; if using Incognito, they count the number of times you accessed via the same IP; everything to get you to subscribe. However, in order to be appealing, any visit where the 'HTTP_REFERER' is Google News will give you the entire article. I'm sure it's a dilemma their webmasters have, but for now any time someone sends you a story on one of them, all you have to do is search for the title and click the result from Google News. Bottom line: never count on it.

PS (1): ofcourse i'm talking about a friend. I pay for content.
PS (2): after some debate, the RFC decided to keep 'HTTP_REFERER', although it's misspelled.
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-2
kamil00110
7 months ago
This code can be used to help find somone that tries to dig throught the server files to find something.

.htaccess

ErrorDocument 404 /your.php
ErrorDocument 403 /your.php

<?php
//get time
$time = date("H:i:s d.m.y");
//get user address
$usr = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
//get entered url of the "visitor"
$url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
//get your servers address
$ip = $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'];
//put toogether
$sus = "[".$time."] ".$usr." ".$ip.$url.PHP_EOL;
//write an log file
file_put_contents("susip.txt", $sus, FILE_APPEND);
?>
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-3
Florin C
10 months ago
<?php
//Working example tested with success in Debian Linux with Apache 2.4

$protocol=$_SERVER['PROTOCOL'] = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && !empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) ? 'https' : 'http'; //thanks to Mark Simon @ https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php
$doc_root = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']; // e.g. /var/www/webabc/web/
$module_path = dirname(__FILE__); // e.g. /var/www/webabc/web/modules/verstion152/
$host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; // e.g. 192.168.1.4

$online_path = $protocol .'://'. $host . '/' . str_replace($doc_root, '', $module_path);

echo
"The online path is: " . $online_path;
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