PHP Conference Nagoya 2025

mime_content_type

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

mime_content_typeDetect MIME Content-type for a file

Description

mime_content_type(resource|string $filename): string|false

Returns the MIME content type for a file as determined by using information from the magic.mime file.

Parameters

filename

Path to the tested file.

Return Values

Returns the content type in MIME format, like text/plain or application/octet-stream, or false on failure.

Errors/Exceptions

Upon failure, an E_WARNING is emitted.

Examples

Example #1 mime_content_type() Example

<?php
echo mime_content_type('php.gif') . "\n";
echo
mime_content_type('test.php');
?>

The above example will output:

image/gif
text/plain

See Also

add a note

User Contributed Notes 20 notes

up
102
Josh Sean
12 years ago
Fast generation of uptodate mime types:

<?php
define
('APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL','http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types');

function
generateUpToDateMimeArray($url){
$s=array();
foreach(@
explode("\n",@file_get_contents($url))as $x)
if(isset(
$x[0])&&$x[0]!=='#'&&preg_match_all('#([^\s]+)#',$x,$out)&&isset($out[1])&&($c=count($out[1]))>1)
for(
$i=1;$i<$c;$i++)
$s[]='&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\''.$out[1][$i].'\' => \''.$out[1][0].'\'';
return @
sort($s)?'$mime_types = array(<br />'.implode($s,',<br />').'<br />);':false;
}

echo
generateUpToDateMimeArray(APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL);
?>

Output:
$mime_types = array(
'123' => 'application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3',
'3dml' => 'text/vnd.in3d.3dml',
'3g2' => 'video/3gpp2',
'3gp' => 'video/3gpp',
'7z' => 'application/x-7z-compressed',
'aab' => 'application/x-authorware-bin',
'aac' => 'audio/x-aac',
'aam' => 'application/x-authorware-map',
'aas' => 'application/x-authorware-seg',
...

Enjoy.
up
20
Anonymous
8 years ago
There is a composer package that will do this:
https://github.com/ralouphie/mimey

<?php
$mimes
= new \Mimey\MimeTypes;

// Convert extension to MIME type:
$mimes->getMimeType('json'); // application/json

// Convert MIME type to extension:
$mimes->getExtension('application/json'); // json
up
12
geompse
16 years ago
Lukas V is IMO missing some point. The MIME type of a file may not be corresponding to the file suffix.

Imagine someone would obfuscate some PHP code in a .gif file, the file suffix would be 'GIF' but the MIME would be text/plain or even text/html.

Another example is files fetched via a distant server (wget / fopen / file / fsockopen...). The server can issue an error, i.e. 404 Not Found, wich again is text/html, whatever you save the file to (download_archive.rar).

His provided function should begin by the test of the function existancy like :

function MIMEalternative($file)
{
if(function_exists('mime_content_type'))
return mime_content_type($file);
else
return <lukas_v.MIMEfunction>($file);
}
up
9
Bond Akinmade
9 years ago
using
<?php
function detectFileMimeType($filename='')
{
$filename = escapeshellcmd($filename);
$command = "file -b --mime-type -m /usr/share/misc/magic {$filename}";

$mimeType = shell_exec($command);

return
trim($mimeType);
}
?>
should work on most shared linux hosts without errors. It should also work on Windows hosts with msysgit installed.
up
6
Bob
15 years ago
I see a lot of comments suggesting doing file extension sniffing (i.e. assuming .jpg files are JPEG images) when proper file-type sniffing functions are unavailable.
I want to point out that there is a much more accurate way.
If neither mime_content_type() nor Fileinfo is available to you and you are running *any* UNIX variant since the 70s, including Mac OS, OS X, Linux, etc. (and most web hosting is), just make a system call to 'file(1)'.
Doing something like this:
<?php
echo system("file -bi '<file path>'");
?>
will output something like "text/html; charset=us-ascii". Some systems won't add the charset bit, but strip it off just in case.
The '-bi' bit is important. However, you can use a command like this:
<?php
echo system("file -b '<file path>'"); // without the 'i' after '-b'
?>
to output a human-readable string, like "HTML document text", which can sometimes be useful.
The only drawback is that your scripts will not work on Windows, but is this such a problem? Just about all web hosts use a UNIX.
It is a far better way than just examining the file extension.
up
10
svogal
15 years ago
<?php
if(!function_exists('mime_content_type')) {

function
mime_content_type($filename) {

$mime_types = array(

'txt' => 'text/plain',
'htm' => 'text/html',
'html' => 'text/html',
'php' => 'text/html',
'css' => 'text/css',
'js' => 'application/javascript',
'json' => 'application/json',
'xml' => 'application/xml',
'swf' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
'flv' => 'video/x-flv',

// images
'png' => 'image/png',
'jpe' => 'image/jpeg',
'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
'jpg' => 'image/jpeg',
'gif' => 'image/gif',
'bmp' => 'image/bmp',
'ico' => 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon',
'tiff' => 'image/tiff',
'tif' => 'image/tiff',
'svg' => 'image/svg+xml',
'svgz' => 'image/svg+xml',

// archives
'zip' => 'application/zip',
'rar' => 'application/x-rar-compressed',
'exe' => 'application/x-msdownload',
'msi' => 'application/x-msdownload',
'cab' => 'application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed',

// audio/video
'mp3' => 'audio/mpeg',
'qt' => 'video/quicktime',
'mov' => 'video/quicktime',

// adobe
'pdf' => 'application/pdf',
'psd' => 'image/vnd.adobe.photoshop',
'ai' => 'application/postscript',
'eps' => 'application/postscript',
'ps' => 'application/postscript',

// ms office
'doc' => 'application/msword',
'rtf' => 'application/rtf',
'xls' => 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
'ppt' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',

// open office
'odt' => 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text',
'ods' => 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet',
);

$ext = strtolower(array_pop(explode('.',$filename)));
if (
array_key_exists($ext, $mime_types)) {
return
$mime_types[$ext];
}
elseif (
function_exists('finfo_open')) {
$finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
$mimetype = finfo_file($finfo, $filename);
finfo_close($finfo);
return
$mimetype;
}
else {
return
'application/octet-stream';
}
}
}
?>
up
1
Anonymous
18 years ago
if you use a transparent 'spacer' GIF i've found it needs to be a around 25x25 for it to register as 'image/gif'. otherwise it's read in as 'text/plain'.
up
1
Sune Jensen
17 years ago
For me mime_content_type didn't work in Linux before I added

mime_magic.magicfile = "/usr/share/magic.mime"

to php.ini (remember to find the correct path to mime.magic)
up
1
webmaster at cafe-clope dot net
18 years ago
Completing <some dude AT somewhere DOT com> comment:

0 string < ? php application/x-httpd-php

and string detection on text files may fail if you check a file encoded with signed UTF-8. The UTF-8 signature is a two bytes code (0xFF 0xFE) that prepends the file in order to force UTF-8 recognition (you may check it on an hexadecimal editor).
up
0
php [spat] hm2k.org
16 years ago
I also had issues with this function.

The issue was that it would almost always return "text/plain".

echo ini_get('mime_magic.magicfile'); // returns /etc/httpd/conf/magic

I found that I needed the OS' magic.mime file instead.

You can either copy it to the existing location, or update your php.ini, you cannot use ini_set().

[root@blade conf]# mv magic magic.old
[root@blade conf]# cp /usr/share/magic.mime magic
[root@blade conf]# apachectl graceful

Note: you will see that I have gracefully restarted apache to ensure it has taken affect.
up
0
memi aet liip doet ch
16 years ago
Regarding serkanyersen's example : It is advisable to change the regular expression to something more precise like

preg_match("|\.([a-z0-9]{2,4})$|i", $filename, $m);

This makes sure that only the last few characters are taken. The original expression would not work if the filename is a relative path.
up
0
tree2054 using hotmail
18 years ago
The correct little correction:

exec will return the mime with a newline at the end, the trim() should be called with the result of exec, not the other way around.

<?php

if ( ! function_exists ( 'mime_content_type ' ) )
{
function
mime_content_type ( $f )
{
return
trim ( exec ('file -bi ' . escapeshellarg ( $f ) ) ) ;
}
}

?>
up
0
some dude AT somewhere DOT com
19 years ago
I added these two lines to my magic.mime file:

0 string \<?php application/x-httpd-php
0 string
\<?xml text/xml

The first one may not work
if "<?php" is not at the very beginning of your file, e.g., if some HTML preceeds the first bit of PHP code. The second one should work because "<?xml" *should* be the first thing in every XML file.
up
-1
john dot howard at prismmg dot com
15 years ago
Here's a simple function to return MIME types, based on the Apache mime.types file. [The one in my previous submission, which has since been replaced by this one] only works properly if mime.types is formatted as Windows text. The updated version below corrects this problem. Thanks to Mike for pointing this out.

<?php
function get_mime_type($filename, $mimePath = '../etc') {
$fileext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1);
if (empty(
$fileext)) return (false);
$regex = "/^([\w\+\-\.\/]+)\s+(\w+\s)*($fileext\s)/i";
$lines = file("$mimePath/mime.types");
foreach(
$lines as $line) {
if (
substr($line, 0, 1) == '#') continue; // skip comments
$line = rtrim($line) . " ";
if (!
preg_match($regex, $line, $matches)) continue; // no match to the extension
return ($matches[1]);
}
return (
false); // no match at all
}
?>

Notes:
[1] Requires mime.types file distributed with Apache (normally found at ServerRoot/conf/mime.types). If you are using shared hosting, download the file with the Apache distro and then upload it to a directory on your web server that php has access to.

[2] First param is the filename (required). Second parameter is path to mime.types file (optional; defaults to home/etc/).

[3] Based on MIME types registered with IANA (http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html). Recognizes 630 extensions associated with 498 MIME types.

[4] Asserts MIME type based on filename extension. Does not examine the actual file; the file does not even have to exist.

[5] Examples of use:
>> echo get_mime_type('myFile.xml');
>> application/xml
>> echo get_mime_type('myPath/myFile.js');
>> application/javascript
>> echo get_mime_type('myPresentation.ppt');
>> application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
>> echo get_mime_type('http://mySite.com/myPage.php);
>> application/x-httpd-php
>> echo get_mime_type('myPicture.jpg');
>> image/jpeg
>> echo get_mime_type('myMusic.mp3');
>> audio/mpeg
and so on...

To create an associative array containing MIME types, use:
<?php
function get_mime_array($mimePath = '../etc')
{
$regex = "/([\w\+\-\.\/]+)\t+([\w\s]+)/i";
$lines = file("$mimePath/mime.types", FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES);
foreach(
$lines as $line) {
if (
substr($line, 0, 1) == '#') continue; // skip comments
if (!preg_match($regex, $line, $matches)) continue; // skip mime types w/o any extensions
$mime = $matches[1];
$extensions = explode(" ", $matches[2]);
foreach(
$extensions as $ext) $mimeArray[trim($ext)] = $mime;
}
return (
$mimeArray);
}
?>
up
-2
alex at webedge dot ca
9 years ago
// Here is a working version of a function that fetches the meme types from apache's built in mime list and creates an array of which the keys are the file extensions:

function generateUpToDateMimeArray($url){
$return = array();
$mimes = file_get_contents('http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types'); // make sure that allow_url_fopen is enabled!

preg_match_all('#^([^\s]{2,}?)\s+(.+?)$#ism', $mimes, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);

foreach ($matches as $match){
$exts = split(" ", $match[2]);
foreach ($exts as $ext){
$return[$ext]=$match[1];
}
}
return $return;
}

// usage:

$typeMime = generateUpToDateMimeArray();
echo $typeMime['gif'];
up
-5
ppaster at mailinator dot com
10 years ago
additional to svogal's video files:
'mp4' => 'video/mp4',
what also works:
'mp4' => 'audio/mp4',
up
-2
ginnsu at arcee dot ca
19 years ago
The function mime_content_type only worked for me on Microsoft Windows after I added the directive "mime_magic.debug" to my php.ini with the value of "On". The default value appears to be "Off". Exampe:

[mime_magic]
mime_magic.debug = On
mime_magic.magicfile = "c:\php\extras\magic.mime"
up
-3
jacopo dot mazzoni at gmail dot com
9 years ago
Slight improvement over Josh Sean's code: this makes a usable and formatted php file containing the latest mime associations ( strictly using the file extension) in an array or if the file_get_contents fails ( say you are offline ) leaves the original file alone.
I made it a bit "dummer" for readability purposes, don't judge me just improve it on your own.

<?php
define
('APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL','http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types');

function
generateUpToDateMimeArray($url){
$s=array();
$result = @file_get_contents($url);
if (
$result == FALSE )
{
$returned = "ERROR";
}
else
{
foreach(@
explode("\n",$result)as $x)
{
if(isset(
$x[0])&&$x[0]!=='#'&&preg_match_all('#([^\s]+)#',$x,$out)&&isset($out[1])&&($c=count($out[1]))>1)
for(
$i=1;$i<$c;$i++)
$s[]=' \''.$out[1][$i].'\' => \''.$out[1][0].'\'';
}
$returned = @sort($s)?'<?php' . "\n" . '$mime_types = array(' . "\n" . implode($s,",\n") . "\n);\n" . '?>':false;
}
return
$returned;
}

$file_name = 'mime-array.php';
$data = generateUpToDateMimeArray(APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL);

if (
$data != "ERROR")
{
$file = fopen($file_name, 'wb') or die("cannot open $file_name\n");
fwrite($file, $data ) or die("cannot write data\n");
fclose($file);
echo
"updated";
}
else
{
echo
"faliure";
}

?>
All you need to do is run it once and in your code you can simply add these two lines:

<?php
include 'mime-array.php';
global
$mime_types;
?>

enjoy
up
-3
Quis at IHAVEGOTSPAMENOUGH dot omicidio dot nl
17 years ago
<?PHP
function qmimetype($file) {
$ext=array_pop(explode('.',$file));
foreach(
file('/usr/local/etc/apache22/mime.types') as $line)
if(
preg_match('/^([^#]\S+)\s+.*'.$ext.'.*$/',$line,$m))
return
$m[1];
return
'application/octet-stream';
}
?>

Not perfect, but works good enough for me ;)
up
-5
mami at madagascarsurlenet dot com
17 years ago
Since I enabled the mime_magic extension on my IIS, I also got the error message "invalid magic file, disabled" in my phpinfo. After I add these lines to my php.ini, the message disappeared and it works great!

mime_magic.debug = Off
mime_magic.magicfile ="D:\PHP5\extras\magic.mime"

mime_magic.debug is by default off but without this line it fails. I'm using PHP 5.2.5.
To Top