ConFoo 2025

stats_standard_deviation

(PECL stats >= 1.0.0)

stats_standard_deviationReturns the standard deviation

Açıklama

stats_standard_deviation(array $a, bool $sample = false): float

Returns the standard deviation of the values in a.

Bağımsız Değişkenler

a

The array of data to find the standard deviation for. Note that all values of the array will be cast to float.

sample

Indicates if a represents a sample of the population; defaults to false.

Dönen Değerler

Returns the standard deviation on success; false on failure.

Hatalar/İstisnalar

Raises an E_WARNING when there are fewer than 2 values in a.

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User Contributed Notes 5 notes

up
16
levim at php dot net
10 years ago
Here's an implementation that adheres to the PECL source quite strictly. This is useful for people who want to use it but don't have the extension, as well as for people who want to understand what is going on.

<?php

if (!function_exists('stats_standard_deviation')) {
/**
* This user-land implementation follows the implementation quite strictly;
* it does not attempt to improve the code or algorithm in any way. It will
* raise a warning if you have fewer than 2 values in your array, just like
* the extension does (although as an E_USER_WARNING, not E_WARNING).
*
* @param array $a
* @param bool $sample [optional] Defaults to false
* @return float|bool The standard deviation or false on error.
*/
function stats_standard_deviation(array $a, $sample = false) {
$n = count($a);
if (
$n === 0) {
trigger_error("The array has zero elements", E_USER_WARNING);
return
false;
}
if (
$sample && $n === 1) {
trigger_error("The array has only 1 element", E_USER_WARNING);
return
false;
}
$mean = array_sum($a) / $n;
$carry = 0.0;
foreach (
$a as $val) {
$d = ((double) $val) - $mean;
$carry += $d * $d;
};
if (
$sample) {
--
$n;
}
return
sqrt($carry / $n);
}
}

?>
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4
Pascal Woerde
14 years ago
If you want one function for the population and sample, you can use this function:

<?php

function standard_deviation($aValues, $bSample = false)
{
$fMean = array_sum($aValues) / count($aValues);
$fVariance = 0.0;
foreach (
$aValues as $i)
{
$fVariance += pow($i - $fMean, 2);
}
$fVariance /= ( $bSample ? count($aValues) - 1 : count($aValues) );
return (float)
sqrt($fVariance);
}
up
3
Sharon
14 years ago
If you don't have the stat package you can use these functions:

<?php

// Function to calculate square of value - mean
function sd_square($x, $mean) { return pow($x - $mean,2); }

// Function to calculate standard deviation (uses sd_square)
function sd($array) {

// square root of sum of squares devided by N-1
return sqrt(array_sum(array_map("sd_square", $array, array_fill(0,count($array), (array_sum($array) / count($array)) ) ) ) / (count($array)-1) );
}

?>
up
-2
tripollite at gmail dot com
12 years ago
Function to calculate square of value - mean

<?php
function sd_square($x, $mean) { return pow($x - $mean,2); }
?>

Function to calculate standard deviation (uses sd_square)
<?php
function sd($array) {

// square root of sum of squares devided by N-1
return sqrt(array_sum(array_map("sd_square", $array, array_fill(0,count($array), (array_sum($array) / count($array)) ) ) ) / (count($array)) );
}
?>

works better if you don't add +1 to the count

standard deviation of a constant must be 0 ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation )

different way :
<?php
class Tmath{
public static function
variance($data, $round = 2)
{
if(
count($data) == 0 )
return
NULL;
$total_ecart = 0;
$moyenne = self::moyenne($data, 10*$round);
if(
$moyenne == 0)
return
0;
foreach(
$data as $element)
{
$total_ecart += pow($element, 2);
}
return
round($total_ecart/count($data) - pow($moyenne,2),$round);
}
public static function
ecartType($data, $round = 2)
{
return
round(sqrt(self::variance($data,10*$round)),2);
}
public static function
moyenne($data, $round = 2)
{
if(
count($data) == 0 )
return
NULL;
return
round(array_sum($data)/count($data),$round) ;
}
}
?>
up
-5
pmcdougl at gac dot edu
12 years ago
It should be known that this function also casts all of the values of the array to floats. If you pass an array of integers, they will come out as an array of floats.

$data = array(2,3,3,3,3,2,5);
var_dump($data);
$standardDeviation = stats_standard_deviation($data);
var_dump($data);

Prints:
array
0 => int 2
1 => int 3
2 => int 3
3 => int 3
4 => int 3
5 => int 2
6 => int 5
array
0 => float 2
1 => float 3
2 => float 3
3 => float 3
4 => float 3
5 => float 5
6 => float 2
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