getopt() has an optional third parameter that exposes the index of the next element in the argument vector list to be processed. This is done via a by-ref parameter.

getenv() no longer requires its parameter. If the parameter is omitted, then the current environment variables will be returned as an associative array.

get_headers() now has an additional parameter to enable for the passing of custom stream contexts.

output_reset_rewrite_vars() no longer resets session URL rewrite variables.

parse_url() is now more restrictive and supports RFC3986.

unpack() now accepts an optional third parameter to specify the offset to begin unpacking from.

file_get_contents() now accepts a negative seek offset if the stream is seekable.

tempnam() now emits a notice when falling back to the system's temp directory.

json_encode() now accepts a new option, JSON_UNESCAPED_LINE_TERMINATORS, to disable the escaping of U+2028 and U+2029 characters when JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE is supplied.

mb_ereg() now rejects illegal byte sequences.

mb_ereg_replace() now rejects illegal byte sequences.

PDO::lastInsertId() for PostgreSQL will now trigger an error when nextval has not been called for the current session (the postgres connection).

pg_last_notice() now accepts an optional parameter to specify an operation. This can be done with one of the following new constants: PGSQL_NOTICE_LAST, PGSQL_NOTICE_ALL, or PGSQL_NOTICE_CLEAR.

pg_fetch_all() now accepts an optional second parameter to specify the result type (similar to the third parameter of pg_fetch_array()).

pg_select() now accepts an optional fourth parameter to specify the result type (similar to the third parameter of pg_fetch_array()).

session_start() now returns false and no longer initializes $_SESSION when it failed to start the session.