file

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

fileLê todo o arquivo para um array

Descrição

file(string $filename, int $flags = ?, resource $context = ?): array

Carrega todo um arquivo em um array.

Nota:

Você pode utilizar file_get_contents() para ler o conteúdo de um arquivo como string.

Parâmetros

filename

Caminho até o arquivo

Dica

Uma URL pode ser usada como um nome de arquivo com esta função se os wrappers fopen estiverem habilitados. Consulte a função fopen() para mais detalhes sobre como especificar o nome do arquivo. Consulte Protocolos e Wrappers suportados para informações sobre as capacidades de cada wrapper, notas de uso e informações sobre quaisquer variáveis predefinidas que eles possam fornecer.

flags

O parâmetro opcional flags pode ser uma ou mais das seguintes constantes:

FILE_USE_INCLUDE_PATH
Procurar pelo arquivo no include_path.
FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES
Não acrescentar a quebra de linha no final de cada elemento do array
FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES
Ignorar linhas vazias
FILE_TEXT
O arquivo é retornado na codificação UTF-8. Você pode especificar uma codificação diferente criando um contexto personalizado. Esta constante não pode ser utilizada com FILE_BINARY. Esta flag está disponível apenas a partir do PHP 6.
FILE_BINARY
O conteúdo é lido como binário. Esta é a opção padrão e não pode ser utilizada com FILE_TEXT. Esta flag está disponível apenas a partir do PHP 6.

context

Um resource de contexto de stream.

Valor Retornado

Retorna o arquivo em um array. Cada elemento do array corresponde a uma linha no arquivo, ainda com a quebra de linha. Em caso de falha, file() retorna false

Nota:

Cada linha no array incluirá a quebra de linha, a não ser que FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES seja usado, então você ainda deve usar rtrim() se não desejar ter as quebras de linha presentes.

Nota: Se o PHP não estiver reconhecendo apropriadamente os finais de linha ao ler arquivos em um computador Macintosh ou que foram criados em um, habilitar a opção de configuração de tempo de execução auto_detect_line_endings pode ajudar a resolver o problema.

Changelog

Versão Descrição
6.0.0 Adicionado suporte às flags FILE_TEXT e FILE_BINARY.
5.0.0 O parâmetro context foi adicionado
5.0.0 Até o PHP 5.0.0, o parâmetro flags suportava apenas include_path e era habilitado com 1

Exemplos

Exemplo #1 Exemplo de file()

<?php
// Lê um arquivo em um array. Nesse exemplo nós obteremos o código fonte de
// uma URL via HTTP
$lines = file ('http://www.example.com/');

// Percorre o array, mostrando o fonte HTML com numeração de linhas.
foreach ($lines as $line_num => $line) {
echo
"Linha #<b>{$line_num}</b> : " . htmlspecialchars($line) . "<br>\n";
}

// Outro exemplo, onde obtemos a página web inteira como uma string. Veja também file_get_contents().
$html = implode ('', file ('http://www.example.com/'));

// Usando o parâmetro de flags opcionais disponíveis desde o PHP 5
$trimmed = file('somefile.txt', FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
?>

Notas

Aviso

Ao usar SSL, o Microsoft IIS violará o protocolo fechando a conexão sem enviar uma notificação close_notify. O PHP reportará isso como "SSL: Fatal Protocol Error" quando chegar ao final dos dados. Para contornar isso, o valor de error_reporting deve ser reduzido a um nível que não inclui avisos. O PHP pode detectar servidores IIS defeituosos quando o stream é aberto usando o wrapper https:// e suprimirá os avisos. Ao usar fsockopen() para criar um soquete ssl://, o desenvolvedor é responsável por detectar e suprimir este aviso.

Veja Também

add a note

User Contributed Notes 15 notes

up
27
Martin K.
8 years ago
If the file you are reading is in CSV format do not use file(), use fgetcsv().  file() will split the file by each newline that it finds, even newlines that appear within a field (i.e. within quotations).
up
3
renanlazarotto at gmail dot com
1 year ago
Be aware that using file() to count lines can cause OOM on the server as it'll allocate all lines into an array.

If you're dealing with files that can have thousands of lines, SplFileObject might be a better idea and with little changes you can get the same result.
up
22
bingo at dingo dot com
9 years ago
To write all the lines of the file in other words to read the file line by line you can write the code like this:
<?php
$names
=file('name.txt');
// To check the number of lines
echo count($names).'<br>';
foreach(
$names as $name)
{
   echo
$name.'<br>';
}
?>

this example is so basic to understand how it's working. I hope it will help many beginners.

Regards,
Bingo
up
15
d basin
13 years ago
this may be obvious, but it took me a while to figure out what I was doing wrong. So I wanted to share. I have a file on my "c:\" drive. How do I file() it?

Don't forget the backslash is special and you have to "escape" the backslash i.e. "\\":

<?php

$lines
= file("C:\\Documents and Settings\\myfile.txt");

foreach(
$lines as $line)
{
    echo(
$line);
}

?>

hope this helps...
up
8
twichi at web dot de
11 years ago
read from CSV data (file) into an array with named keys

... with or without 1st row = header (keys)
(see 4th parameter of function call as  true / false)

<?php
// --------------------------------------------------------------

function csv_in_array($url,$delm=";",$encl="\"",$head=false) {
   
   
$csvxrow = file($url);   // ---- csv rows to array ----
   
   
$csvxrow[0] = chop($csvxrow[0]);
   
$csvxrow[0] = str_replace($encl,'',$csvxrow[0]);
   
$keydata = explode($delm,$csvxrow[0]);
   
$keynumb = count($keydata);
   
    if (
$head === true) {
   
$anzdata = count($csvxrow);
   
$z=0;
    for(
$x=1; $x<$anzdata; $x++) {
       
$csvxrow[$x] = chop($csvxrow[$x]);
       
$csvxrow[$x] = str_replace($encl,'',$csvxrow[$x]);
       
$csv_data[$x] = explode($delm,$csvxrow[$x]);
       
$i=0;
        foreach(
$keydata as $key) {
           
$out[$z][$key] = $csv_data[$x][$i];
           
$i++;
            }   
       
$z++;
        }
    }
    else {
       
$i=0;
        foreach(
$csvxrow as $item) {
           
$item = chop($item);
           
$item = str_replace($encl,'',$item);
           
$csv_data = explode($delm,$item);
            for (
$y=0; $y<$keynumb; $y++) {
              
$out[$i][$y] = $csv_data[$y];
            }
       
$i++;
        }
    }

return
$out;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------

?>

fuction call with 4 parameters:

(1) = the file with CSV data (url / string)
(2) = colum delimiter (e.g: ; or | or , ...)
(3) = values enclosed by (e.g: ' or " or ^ or ...)
(4) = with or without 1st row = head (true/false)

<?php

// ----- call ------
$csvdata = csv_in_array( $yourcsvfile, ";", "\"", true );
// -----------------

// ----- view ------
echo "<pre>\r\n";
print_r($csvdata);
echo
"</pre>\r\n";
// -----------------

?>

PS: also see: http://php.net/manual/de/function.fgetcsv.php to read CSV data into an array
... and other file-handling methods

^
up
-1
radler63 at hotmail dot com
4 years ago
My experience is that the function file does uses the cached content if the file has changed....
up
-3
sheldon at hyperlinked dot com
3 years ago
As of PHP 5.6 the file(), file_get_contents(), and fopen() functions will return false if you are referencing a source URL that doesn't have a valid SSL certificate. Presumably, you will run into this a lot in your development environments this will drive you crazy.

You will need to create a stream context and provide it as an argument to the various file operations to tell it to ignore invalid SSL credentials.

$args = array("ssl"=>array("verify_peer"=>false,"verify_peer_name"=>false),"http"=>array('timeout' => 60, 'user_agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.9) Gecko/20071025 Firefox/3.0.0.1'));

$context = stream_context_create($args);
$httpfile = file($url, false, $context);
up
-13
justin at visunet dot ie
20 years ago
Note: Now that file() is binary safe it is 'much' slower than it used to be. If you are planning to read large files it may be worth your while using fgets() instead of file() For example:

<?php
$fd
= fopen ("log_file.txt", "r");
while (!
feof ($fd))
{
  
$buffer = fgets($fd, 4096);
  
$lines[] = $buffer;
}
fclose ($fd);
?>

The resulting array is $lines.

I did a test on a 200,000 line file. It took seconds with fgets()  compared to minutes with file().
up
-12
Reversed: moc dot liamg at senroc dot werdna
15 years ago
This note applies to PHP 5.1.6 under Windows (although may apply to other versions).

It appears that the 'FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES' flag doesn't remove newlines properly when reading Windows-style text files, i.e. files whose lines end in '\r\n'.

Solution: Always use 'rtrim()' in preference to 'FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES'.
up
-14
vbchris at gmail dot com
15 years ago
If you're getting "failed to open stream: Permission denied" when trying to use either file() or fopen() to access files on another server. Check your host doesn't have any firewall restrictions in-place which prevent outbound connections. This is the case with my host Aplus.net
up
-17
jon+spamcheck at phpsitesolutions dot com
14 years ago
A user suggested using rtrim always, due to the line ending conflict with files that have an EOL that differs from the server EOL.

Using rtrim with it's default character replacement is a bad solution though, as it removes all whitespace in addition to the '\r' and '\n' characters.

A good solution using rtrim follows:

<?php
$line
= rtrim($line, "\r\n") . PHP_EOL;
?>

This removes only EOL characters, and replaces with the server's EOL character, thus making preg_* work fine when matching the EOL ($)
up
-19
Anonymous
9 years ago
("file()'s problem with UTF-16" is wrong. This is updated.
The former may miss the last line of the string.)

file() seems to have a problem in handling
UTF-16 with or without BOM.

file() is likely to think "\n"=LF (0A) as a line-ending.
So, not only "000A" but also "010A, 020A,...,FE0A, FF0A,..."
are regarded as line-endings.

Moreover, file() causes a serious problem in UTF-16LE.
file() loses first "0A" (the first half of "0A00")!
And the next line begins with "00" (the rest of "0A00").
So lines after the first "0A" are totally different.

To avoid this phenomena,
eg. in case (php_script : UTF-8 , file : UTF-16 with line-ending "\r\n"),

<?php

mb_regex_encoding
('UTF-16');    // to help mb_ereg_..() work properly
$str = file_get_contents($file_path);
$to_encoding = 'UTF-16';        // encoding of string
$from_encoding = 'UTF-8';        // encoding of PHP_script
$pattern1 = mb_convert_encoding('[^\r]*\r\n', $to_encoding, $from_encoding);
mb_ereg_search_init($str, $pattern1);
while (
$res = mb_ereg_search_regs()) {
   
$file[] = $res[0];
}
$pattern2 = mb_convert_encoding('\A.*\r\n(.*)\z', $to_encoding, $from_encoding);
mb_ereg($pattern2, $str, $match);
   
$file[] = $match[1];

?>

instead of
$file = file($file_path);

If line-ending is "\n",
$pattern1 = mb_convert_encoding('[^\n]*\n', $to_encoding, $from_encoding);
up
-17
lanresmith
5 years ago
Using if ( file(name.txt) ) might not be enough for testing if the file was successfully opened for reading because the file could be empty in which case the array returned is empty, so test instead with !==. e.g.:

$file_array = file('test.txt'); // an empty file

echo '<pre>';
if ( $file_array ) {
    # code...
    echo "success\n";
} else {
    # code...
    echo "failure\n"; // executed
}

if ( $file_array !== false ) {
    # code...
    echo "success\n"; // executed
} else {
    # code...
    echo "failure\n";
}
echo '</pre>';

result:
failure
success
up
-19
marco dot remy at aol dot com
8 years ago
Here's my CSV converter
supports Header and trims all fields
Note: Headers must be not empty!

<?php

function csv2array($file, $delim = ';', $encl = '"', $header = false) {
   
   
# File does not exist
   
if(!file_exists($file))
        return
false;
   
   
# Read lines of file to array
   
$file_lines = file($file, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
   
   
# Empty file
   
if($file_lines === array())
        return
NULL;
   
   
# Read headers if you want to
   
if($header === true) {
       
$line_header = array_shift($file_lines);
       
$array_header = array_map('trim', str_getcsv($line_header, $delim, $encl));
    }

   
$out = NULL;

   
# Now line per line (strings)
   
foreach ($file_lines as $line) {
       
# Skip empty lines
       
if(trim($line) === '')
            continue;
       
       
# Convert line to array
       
$array_fields = array_map('trim', str_getcsv($line, $delim, $encl));
       
       
# If header present, combine header and fields as key => value
       
if($header === true)
           
$out[] = array_combine ($array_header, $array_fields);
        else
           
$out[] = $array_fields;
    }
   
    return
$out;
}
?>
up
-44
info at carstanje dot com
16 years ago
Using file() for reading large text files > 10 Mb gives problems, therefore you should use this instead. It is much slower but it works fine. $lines will return an array with all the lines.

<?php
$handle
= @fopen('yourfile...', "r");
if (
$handle) {
   while (!
feof($handle)) {
      
$lines[] = fgets($handle, 4096);
   }
  
fclose($handle);
}
?>
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