parse_ini_file

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

parse_ini_file — Interpreta um arquivo de configuração

Descrição

parse_ini_file(string $filename, bool $process_sections = ?): array

parse_ini_file() carrega o arquivo INI especificado em filename e retorna as configurações contidas nele em um array associativo.

A estrutura do arquivo INI é a mesma do php.ini.

Parâmetros

filename: O nome do arquivo INI sendo interpretado.
process_sections: Definindo o último parâmetro process_sections como true, você recupera um array multidimensional com o nome das seções e configurações inclusas. O padrão para process_sections é false

Valor Retornado

As configurações são retornadas como um array associativo.

Changelog

Versão	Descrição
5.2.4	Chaves e nomes de seção que consistem de números, agora são interpretados como inteiros, de forma que números iniciados por 0 são interpretados como octais e números iniciados por 0x são interpretados como hexadecimais.
5.0.0	Valores envolvidos em aspas duplas podem conter novas linhas.

Exemplos

Exemplo #1 Conteúdo de sample.ini

; Este é um arquivo de configuração de exemplo
; Comentários iniciam com ';', como no php.ini

[primeira_secao]
um = 1
cinco = 5
animal = PASSARO

[segunda_secao]
path = "/usr/local/bin"
URL = "http://www.example.com/~username"

Exemplo #2 Exemplo de parse_ini_file()

Constantes também podem ser interpretadas no arquivo INI, então se você definir uma constante como um valor INI antes de executar parse_ini_file(), ela será integrada ao resultado. Somente valores INI são avaliados. Por exemplo:

<?php

define('PASSARO', 'Pássaro Dodo');

// Interpreta sem as seções
$ini_array = parse_ini_file("sample.ini");
print_r($ini_array);

// Interpreta com as seções
$ini_array = parse_ini_file("sample.ini", true);
print_r($ini_array);

?>

O exemplo acima produzirá algo semelhante a:

Array
(
    [um] => 1
    [cinco] => 5
    [animal] => Pássaro Dodo
    [path] => /usr/local/bin
    [URL] => http://www.example.com/~username
)
Array
(
    [primeira_secao] => Array
        (
            [um] => 1
            [cinco] => 5
            [animal] = Dodo bird
        )

    [segunda_secao] => Array
        (
            [path] => /usr/local/bin
            [URL] => http://www.example.com/~username
        )

)

Notas

Nota:
Essa função não tem nada a ver com o arquivo php.ini. Ele já está processado no momento em que você executa seu script. Esta função pode ser usada para ler os arquivos de configuração da sua própria aplicação.

Nota:
Se um valor no arquivo INI tiver algum caractere não alfanumérico, ele precisará ser envolvido em aspas duplas (").

Nota: Existem algumas palavras reservadas que não podem ser usadas como chaves em arquivos INI. Elas incluem: null, yes, no, true e false. Valores null, no e false retornam como "", yes e true retormam como "1". Os caracteres {}|&~![()" não podem ser usados em lugar algum na chave e têm significado especial no valor.

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User Contributed Notes 17 notes

down

jeremygiberson at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago

Here is a quick parse_ini_file wrapper to add extend support to save typing and redundancy.
<?php
    /**
     * Parses INI file adding extends functionality via ":base" postfix on namespace.
     *
     * @param string $filename
     * @return array
     */
    function parse_ini_file_extended($filename) {
        $p_ini = parse_ini_file($filename, true);
        $config = array();
        foreach($p_ini as $namespace => $properties){
            list($name, $extends) = explode(':', $namespace);
            $name = trim($name);
            $extends = trim($extends);
            // create namespace if necessary
            if(!isset($config[$name])) $config[$name] = array();
            // inherit base namespace
            if(isset($p_ini[$extends])){
                foreach($p_ini[$extends] as $prop => $val)
                    $config[$name][$prop] = $val;
            }
            // overwrite / set current namespace values
            foreach($properties as $prop => $val)
            $config[$name][$prop] = $val;
        }
        return $config;
    }
?>

Treats this ini:
<?php 
/*
[base]
host=localhost
user=testuser
pass=testpass
database=default

[users:base]
database=users

[archive : base]
database=archive
*/
?>
As if it were like this:
<?php
/*
[base]
host=localhost
user=testuser
pass=testpass
database=default

[users:base]
host=localhost
user=testuser
pass=testpass
database=users

[archive : base]
host=localhost
user=testuser
pass=testpass
database=archive
*/
?>

down

Rekam ¶

9 years ago

You may want, in some very special cases, to parse multi-dimensional array with N levels in your ini file. Something like setting[data][config][debug] = true will result in an error (expected "=").

Here's a little function to match this, using dots (customizable).
<?php
function parse_ini_file_multi($file, $process_sections = false, $scanner_mode = INI_SCANNER_NORMAL) {
    $explode_str = '.';
    $escape_char = "'";
    // load ini file the normal way
    $data = parse_ini_file($file, $process_sections, $scanner_mode);
    if (!$process_sections) {
        $data = array($data);
    }
    foreach ($data as $section_key => $section) {
        // loop inside the section
        foreach ($section as $key => $value) {
            if (strpos($key, $explode_str)) {
                if (substr($key, 0, 1) !== $escape_char) {
                    // key has a dot. Explode on it, then parse each subkeys
                    // and set value at the right place thanks to references
                    $sub_keys = explode($explode_str, $key);
                    $subs =& $data[$section_key];
                    foreach ($sub_keys as $sub_key) {
                        if (!isset($subs[$sub_key])) {
                            $subs[$sub_key] = [];
                        }
                        $subs =& $subs[$sub_key];
                    }
                    // set the value at the right place
                    $subs = $value;
                    // unset the dotted key, we don't need it anymore
                    unset($data[$section_key][$key]);
                }
                // we have escaped the key, so we keep dots as they are
                else {
                    $new_key = trim($key, $escape_char);
                    $data[$section_key][$new_key] = $value;
                    unset($data[$section_key][$key]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (!$process_sections) {
        $data = $data[0];
    }
    return $data;
}
?>

The following file:
<?php
/*
[normal]
foo = bar
; use quotes to keep your key as it is
'foo.with.dots' = true

[array]
foo[] = 1
foo[] = 2

[dictionary]
foo[debug] = false
foo[path] = /some/path

[multi]
foo.data.config.debug = true
foo.data.password = 123456
*/
?>

will result in:
<?php
parse_ini_file_multi('file.ini', true);

Array
(
    [normal] => Array
        (
            [foo] => bar
            [foo.with.dots] => 1
        )
    [array] => Array
        (
            [foo] => Array
                (
                    [0] => 1
                    [1] => 2
                )
        )
    [dictionary] => Array
        (
            [foo] => Array
                (
                    [debug] => 
                    [path] => /some/path
                )
        )
    [multi] => Array
        (
            [foo] => Array
                (
                    [data] => Array
                        (
                            [config] => Array
                                (
                                    [debug] => 1
                                )
                            [password] => 123456
                        )
                )
        )
)
?>

down

dschnepper at box dot com ¶

7 years ago

The documentation states:
Characters ?{}|&~!()^" must not be used anywhere in the key and have a special meaning in the value.

Here's the results of my experiments on what they mean:

; | is used for bitwise OR
three = 2|3

; & is used for bitwise AND
four = 6&5

; ^ is used for bitwise XOR
five = 3^6

; ~ is used for bitwise negate
negative_two = ~1

; () is used for grouping
seven = (8|7)&(6|5)

; ${...} is used for grabbing values from the environment, or previously defined values.
path = ${PATH}
also = ${five}

; ? I have no guess for
; ! I have no guess for

down

YAPs ¶

7 years ago

This function for save ini files



<?php

function array_to_ini($array,$out="")

{

    $t="";

    $q=false;

    foreach($array as $c=>$d)

    {

        if(is_array($d))$t.=array_to_ini($d,$c);

        else

        {

            if($c===intval($c))

            {

                if(!empty($out))

                {

                    $t.="\r\n".$out." = \"".$d."\"";

                    if($q!=2)$q=true;

                }

                else $t.="\r\n".$d;

            }

            else

            {    

                $t.="\r\n".$c." = \"".$d."\"";

                $q=2;

            }

        }

    }

    if($q!=true && !empty($out)) return "[".$out."]\r\n".$t;

    if(!empty($out)) return  $t;

    return trim($t);

}



function save_ini_file($array,$file)

{

    $a=array_to_ini($array);

    $ffl=fopen($file,"w");

    fwrite($ffl,$a);

    fclose($ffl);

}

?>

down

simon dot riget at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

.ini files or JSON file format as it is also known as, are very useful format to store stuff in. Especially large arrays. 

Strangely enough there is this nice function to read the file, but no function to write it.

So here is one.

Use it as:  put_ini_file(string $file, array $array)

<?php 
function put_ini_file($file, $array, $i = 0){
  $str="";
  foreach ($array as $k => $v){
    if (is_array($v)){
      $str.=str_repeat(" ",$i*2)."[$k]".PHP_EOL; 
      $str.=put_ini_file("",$v, $i+1);
    }else
      $str.=str_repeat(" ",$i*2)."$k = $v".PHP_EOL; 
  }
 if($file)
    return file_put_contents($file,$str);
  else
    return $str;
}
?>

down

info () gaj ! design ¶

6 years ago

Not mentioned in the documentation, this function acts like include:

"Files are included based on the file path given or, if none is given, the include_path specified. If the file isn't found in the include_path, include will finally check in the calling script's own directory and the current working directory before failing."

(At least for PHP 7; have not checked PHP 5.)

down

www.onphp5.com ¶

15 years ago

Looks like in PHP 5.3.0 special characters like \n are extrapolated into real newlines. Gotta use \\n.

down

kieran dot huggins at rogers dot com ¶

20 years ago

Just a quick note for all those running into trouble escaping double quotes:

I got around this by "base64_encode()"-ing my content on the way in to the ini file, and "base64_decode()"-ing on the way out.

Because base64 uses the "=" sign, you will have to encapsulate the entire value in double quotes so the line looks like this:

    varname = "TmlhZ2FyYSBGYWxscywgT04="

When base64'd, your strings will retain all \n, \t...etc...  URL's retain everything perfectly :-)

I hope some of you find this useful!

Cheers, Kieran

down

Justin Hall ¶

16 years ago

This is a simple (but slightly hackish) way of avoiding the character limitations (in values):

<?php
define('QUOTE', '"');
$test = parse_ini_file('test.ini');

echo "<pre>";
print_r($test);
?>

contents of test.ini:

park yesterday = "I (walked) | {to} " QUOTE"the"QUOTE " park yesterday & saw ~three~ dogs!"

output:

<?php
Array
(
    [park yesterday] => I (walked) | {to} "the" park yesterday & saw ~three~ dogs!
)
?>

down

goulven.ch AT gmail DOT com ¶

15 years ago

Warning: parse_ini_files cannot cope with values containing the equal sign (=).

The following function supports sections, comments, arrays, and key-value pairs outside of any section.
Beware that similar keys will overwrite one another (unless in different sections).

<?php
function parse_ini ( $filepath ) {
    $ini = file( $filepath );
    if ( count( $ini ) == 0 ) { return array(); }
    $sections = array();
    $values = array();
    $globals = array();
    $i = 0;
    foreach( $ini as $line ){
        $line = trim( $line );
        // Comments
        if ( $line == '' || $line{0} == ';' ) { continue; }
        // Sections
        if ( $line{0} == '[' ) {
            $sections[] = substr( $line, 1, -1 );
            $i++;
            continue;
        }
        // Key-value pair
        list( $key, $value ) = explode( '=', $line, 2 );
        $key = trim( $key );
        $value = trim( $value );
        if ( $i == 0 ) {
            // Array values
            if ( substr( $line, -1, 2 ) == '[]' ) {
                $globals[ $key ][] = $value;
            } else {
                $globals[ $key ] = $value;
            }
        } else {
            // Array values
            if ( substr( $line, -1, 2 ) == '[]' ) {
                $values[ $i - 1 ][ $key ][] = $value;
            } else {
                $values[ $i - 1 ][ $key ] = $value;
            }
        }
    }
    for( $j=0; $j<$i; $j++ ) {
        $result[ $sections[ $j ] ] = $values[ $j ];
    }
    return $result + $globals;
}
?>

Example usage:
<?php
$stores = parse_ini('stores.ini');
print_r( $stores );
?>

An example ini file:
<?php
/*
;Commented line start with ';'
global_value1 = a string value
global_value1 = another string value

; empty lines are discarded
[Section1]
key = value
; whitespace around keys and values is discarded too
otherkey=other value
otherkey=yet another value
; this key-value pair will overwrite the former.
*/
?>

down

waikeatNOSPAM at archerlogic dot com ¶

19 years ago

I found that this function will not work on remote files.

I tried 



$someArray = parse_ini_file("http://www.example.com/setting.ini");



and it reports



Cannot Open 'http://www.example.com/setting.ini' for reading ...

down

theking2(at)king.ma ¶

4 months ago

In order to make settings available across multiple files it is now (>7.4) possible to define the settings as a constant:

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
if( !defined('SETTINGS_FILE' ) {
  define('SETTINGS_FILE', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/settings.ini' );
}
$settings = parse_ini_file( SETTINGS_FILE, true );
$settings['db']['dsn'] = sprintf(
  'mysql:host=%s;dbname=%s;charset=utf8mb4',
  $settings['db']['server'],
  $settings['db']['name']
);
define('SETTINGS', $settings);
unset($settings); // $settings duplicated in constants
?>

This way SETTINGS['db']['dsn'] is available when needed if the settings.ini file contains:
<?php
[db]
server = 'db-server'
name = 'db-name'
user = 'db-user'
password = 'db-password'
?>

and can be used in for instance PDO::__construct();

down

lucaesculapio at infinito dot it ¶

7 months ago

Definition of section as implied by the process_sections parameter:
A section is a section header and the group of settings following it, until the next section header or the end of the file, whereas blank lines and lines starting with a semicolon are ignored.
A section header is a line that contains a string surrounded by square brackets.

down

jbricci at ya-right dot com ¶

7 years ago

This core function won't handle ini key[][] = value(s), (multidimensional arrays), so if you need to support that kind of setup you will need to write your own function. one way to do it is to convert all the key = value(s) to array string [key][][]=value(s), then use parse_str() to convert all those [key][][]=value(s) that way you just read the ini file line by line, instead of doing crazy foreach() loops to handle those (multidimensional arrays) in each section, example...

ini file...... config.php

<?php

; This is a sample configuration file
; Comments start with ';', as in php.ini

[first_section]
one = 1
five = 5
animal = BIRD

[second_section]
path = "/usr/local/bin"
URL = "http://www.example.com/~username"

[third_section]
phpversion[] = "5.0"
phpversion[] = "5.1"
phpversion[] = "5.2"
phpversion[] = "5.3"

urls[svn] = "http://svn.php.net"
urls[git] = "http://git.php.net"

[fourth_section]

a[][][] = b
a[][][][] = c
a[test_test][][] = d
test[one][two][three] = true

?>

echo parse_ini_file ( "C:\\services\\www\\docs\\config.php" );

results in...

// PHP Warning:  syntax error, unexpected TC_SECTION, expecting '=' line 27 -> a[][][] = b

Here it simple function that handles (multidimensional arrays) without looping each key[][]= value(s)

<?php

function getIni ( $file, $sections = FALSE )
{
    $return = array ();

    $keeper = array ();

    $config = fopen ( $file, 'r' );

    while ( ! feof ( $config ) )
    { 
        $line = trim ( fgets ( $config, 1024 ) );

        $line = ( $line == '' ) ? ' ' : $line;

        switch ( $line{0} )
        {
            case ' ':
            case '#':
            case '/':
            case ';':
            case '<':
            case '?':

            break;

            case '[':

            if ( $sections )
            {
                $header = 'config[' . trim ( substr ( $line, 1, -1 ) ) . ']';
            }
            else
            {
                $header = 'config';
            }

            break;

            default:

            $kv = array_map ( 'trim', explode ( '=', $line ) );

            $kv[0] = str_replace ( ' ', '+', $kv[0] );

            $kv[1] = str_replace ( ' ', '+', $kv[1] );

            if ( ( $pos = strpos ( $kv[0], '[' ) ) !== FALSE )
            {
                $kv[0] = '[' . substr ( $kv[0], 0, $pos ) . ']' . substr ( $kv[0], $pos );
            }
            else
            {
                $kv[0] = '[' . $kv[0] . ']';
            }

            $bt = strtolower ( $kv[1] );

            if ( in_array ( $bt, array ( 'true', 'false', 'on', 'off' ) ) )
            {
                $kv[1] = ( $bt == 'true' || $bt == 'on' ) ? TRUE : FALSE;
            }

            $keeper[] = $header . $kv[0] . '=' . $kv[1];
        }
    }

    fclose ( $config );

    parse_str ( implode ( '&', $keeper ), $return );

    return $return['config'];
}

// usage...

$sections = TRUE;

print_r ( $config->getIni ( "C:\\services\\www\\docs\\config.php" ),  $sections );

?>

down

-1

yarco dot w at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago

parse_ini_file can't deal with const which cancate a string. For example, if test.ini file is

classPath = ROOT/lib

If you:
<?php
define('ROOT', dirname(__FILE__));

$buf = parse_ini_file('test.ini');
?>

const ROOT would't be parsed.

But my version could work find.

<?php
// array parse_ini_file ( string $filename [, bool $process_sections] )
function parse_ini($filename, $process_sections = false)
{
  function replace_process(& $item, $key, $consts)
  {
    $item = str_replace(array_keys($consts), array_values($consts), $item);
  }

  $buf = get_defined_constants(true); // PHP version > 5.0
  $consts = $buf['user'];
  $ini = parse_ini_file($filename, $process_sections);

  array_walk_recursive($ini, 'replace_process', $consts);
  return $ini;
}

define('ROOT', '/test');
print_r(parse_ini(dirname(__FILE__).'/test.ini'));

?>

down

-1

dimk at pisem dot net ¶

18 years ago

Class to access ini values at format "section_name.property", for example $myconf->get("system.name") returns a property "name" in section "system":



<?php

class Settings {



var $properties = array();



    function Settings() {

        $this->properties = parse_ini_file(_SETTINGS_FILE, true);

    }



    function get($name) {

        if(strpos($name, ".")) {

            list($section_name, $property) = explode(".", $name);

            $section =& $this->properties[$section_name];

            $name = $property;

        } else {

            $section =& $properties;

        }



        if(is_array($section) && isset($section[$name])) {

            return $section[$name];

        }

        return false;

    }



}

?>

down

-1

Rubn Martnez ¶

5 years ago

The parse_ini_file function does have trouble loading valid Windows ini files like, for example, nternet shortcuts (.url files).

This is due to the function reading the URLs as a value, and failing when it finds that valid URL characters like '=' appear unescaped or the value unquoted as a whole. Since Windows does not escape them anyway, the solution is to scan it in raw mode, where it will read unparsed the value after the first '='. Since = only appears in URLs with parameters, this mistake may is not be obvious at a first glance.

An example

<?php

$links = array();

// ...

$files = scandir($directory);
foreach( $files as $filename )
{
    if (strToLower(pathinfo($filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION)) === 'url')
    {
        $shortcut = parse_ini_file( $directory.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, true,  INI_SCANNER_RAW);
        if ($shortcut === false) die('Syntax Error');
        $url = $shortcut['InternetShortcut']['URL'];
        $links []= $url;
    }
}

?>

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