ConFoo 2025

stat

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

statВозвращает информацию о файле

Описание

stat(string $filename): array|false

Собирает статистическую информацию о файле filename. Если filename является символической ссылкой, информация собирается о самом файле, а не ссылке. До PHP 7.4.0 в Windows NTS в данном случае строил статистику size, atime, mtime и ctime из символьной ссылки.

Функция lstat() идентична функции stat() за исключением того, что в данном случае она вернёт информацию о самой символической ссылке.

Список параметров

filename

Путь к файлу.

Возвращаемые значения

Формат результата работы функций stat() и fstat()
Числовой Ассоциативный Описание
0 dev номер устройства ***
1 ino номер inode ****
2 mode режим защиты inode *****
3 nlink количество ссылок
4 uid userid владельца *
5 gid groupid владельца *
6 rdev тип устройства, если устройство inode
7 size размер в байтах
8 atime время последнего доступа (временная метка Unix)
9 mtime время последней модификации (временная метка Unix)
10 ctime время последнего изменения inode (временная метка Unix)
11 blksize размер блока ввода-вывода файловой системы **
12 blocks количество используемых 512-байтных блоков **

* В Windows это всегда будет 0.

** Доступен только на системах, поддерживающих тип st_blksize - другие системы (например, Windows) вернут -1.

*** В Windows, начиная с PHP 7.4.0, это серийный номер тома, содержащего файл, который представляет собой 64-разрядное целое число без знака, поэтому может переполниться в 32-разрядных системах. Ранее это было числовое представление буквы диска (например, 2 для C:) для stat() и 0 для lstat().

**** В Windows, начиная с PHP 7.4.0, идентификатор, связанный с файлом, который представляет собой 64-разрядное целое число без знака, может переполниться в 32-разрядных системах. Ранее он всегда был 0.

***** В Windows бит разрешения на запись устанавливается в соответствии с атрибутом файла только для чтения, одно и то же значение сообщается для всех пользователей, группы и владельца. ACL не учитывается, в отличие от is_writable().

Значение mode содержит информацию, читаемую несколькими функциями. При записи в восьмеричном виде, начиная справа, первые три цифры возвращаются функцией chmod(). Следующая цифра игнорируется PHP. Следующие две цифры указывают тип файла:

mode типов файлов
mode в восьмеричном виде Значение
0140000 сокет
0120000 символическая ссылка
0100000 обычный файл
0060000 блочное устройство
0040000 директория
0020000 символьное устройство
0010000 fifo
Так, например, обычный файл может быть 0100644, а директория может быть 0040755.

В случае возникновения ошибки stat() возвращает false.

Замечание: Поскольку тип integer в PHP — целое число со знаком, а многие платформы используют 32-битные целые числа, отдельные функции файловых систем могут возвращать неожиданные результаты для файлов размером больше 2 ГБ.

Ошибки

В случае возникновения ошибки будет сгенерирована ошибка уровня E_WARNING.

Список изменений

Версия Описание
7.4.0 В Windows номер устройства теперь является серийным номером тома, содержащего файл и номер inode - это идентификатор, связанный с файлом.
7.4.0 Статистика символьных ссылок size, atime, mtime и ctime всегда соответствует статистике целевого объекта. Это было ранее не характерно для NTS-сборки на Windows.

Примеры

Пример #1 Пример использования stat()

<?php
/* Получаем статистику файла */
$stat = stat('C:\php\php.exe');

/*
* Выводим последнее время доступа к файлу, это то же самое, что и
* вызов fileatime()
*/
echo 'Последнее время доступа: ' . $stat['atime'];

/*
* Выводим время изменения файла, это то же самое, что и
* вызов filemtime()
*/
echo 'Время изменения: ' . $stat['mtime'];

/* Выводим номер устройства */
echo 'Номер устройства: ' . $stat['dev'];
?>

Пример #2 Использование информации из stat() вместе с touch()

<?php
/* Получаем статистику файла */
$stat = stat('C:\php\php.exe');

/* Удалось получить эту статистику? */
if (!$stat) {
echo
'вызов stat() не удался...';
} else {
/*
* Мы хотим увеличить время последнего доступа к файлу
* на 1 неделю вперёд.
*/
$atime = $stat['atime'] + 604800;

/* Касаемся файла */
if (!touch('some_file.txt', time(), $atime)) {
echo
'Не удалось коснуться файла...';
} else {
echo
'touch() выполнился успешно...';
}
}
?>

Примечания

Замечание:

Обратите внимание, файловые системы обрабатывают время по-разному.

Замечание: Результаты функции кешируются. Подробнее о кешировании рассказывает описание функции clearstatcache().

Подсказка

Начиная с PHP 5.0.0, эта функция также может быть использована с некоторыми обёртками url. Список обёрток, поддерживаемых семейством функций stat(), смотрите в разделе Протоколы и обёртки.

Смотрите также

  • lstat() - Возвращает информацию о файле или символической ссылке
  • fstat() - Получает информацию о файле по указателю открытого файла
  • filemtime() - Получает время последнего изменения файла
  • filegroup() - Получает идентификатор группы файла
  • SplFileInfo

Добавить

Примечания пользователей 18 notes

up
14
webmaster at askapache dot com
16 years ago
This is a souped up 'stat' function based on
many user-submitted code snippets and
@ http://www.askapache.com/security/chmod-stat.html

Give it a filename, and it returns an array like stat.

<?php

function alt_stat($file) {

clearstatcache();
$ss=@stat($file);
if(!
$ss) return false; //Couldnt stat file

$ts=array(
0140000=>'ssocket',
0120000=>'llink',
0100000=>'-file',
0060000=>'bblock',
0040000=>'ddir',
0020000=>'cchar',
0010000=>'pfifo'
);

$p=$ss['mode'];
$t=decoct($ss['mode'] & 0170000); // File Encoding Bit

$str =(array_key_exists(octdec($t),$ts))?$ts[octdec($t)]{0}:'u';
$str.=(($p&0x0100)?'r':'-').(($p&0x0080)?'w':'-');
$str.=(($p&0x0040)?(($p&0x0800)?'s':'x'):(($p&0x0800)?'S':'-'));
$str.=(($p&0x0020)?'r':'-').(($p&0x0010)?'w':'-');
$str.=(($p&0x0008)?(($p&0x0400)?'s':'x'):(($p&0x0400)?'S':'-'));
$str.=(($p&0x0004)?'r':'-').(($p&0x0002)?'w':'-');
$str.=(($p&0x0001)?(($p&0x0200)?'t':'x'):(($p&0x0200)?'T':'-'));

$s=array(
'perms'=>array(
'umask'=>sprintf("%04o",@umask()),
'human'=>$str,
'octal1'=>sprintf("%o", ($ss['mode'] & 000777)),
'octal2'=>sprintf("0%o", 0777 & $p),
'decimal'=>sprintf("%04o", $p),
'fileperms'=>@fileperms($file),
'mode1'=>$p,
'mode2'=>$ss['mode']),

'owner'=>array(
'fileowner'=>$ss['uid'],
'filegroup'=>$ss['gid'],
'owner'=>
(
function_exists('posix_getpwuid'))?
@
posix_getpwuid($ss['uid']):'',
'group'=>
(
function_exists('posix_getgrgid'))?
@
posix_getgrgid($ss['gid']):''
),

'file'=>array(
'filename'=>$file,
'realpath'=>(@realpath($file) != $file) ? @realpath($file) : '',
'dirname'=>@dirname($file),
'basename'=>@basename($file)
),

'filetype'=>array(
'type'=>substr($ts[octdec($t)],1),
'type_octal'=>sprintf("%07o", octdec($t)),
'is_file'=>@is_file($file),
'is_dir'=>@is_dir($file),
'is_link'=>@is_link($file),
'is_readable'=> @is_readable($file),
'is_writable'=> @is_writable($file)
),

'device'=>array(
'device'=>$ss['dev'], //Device
'device_number'=>$ss['rdev'], //Device number, if device.
'inode'=>$ss['ino'], //File serial number
'link_count'=>$ss['nlink'], //link count
'link_to'=>($s['type']=='link') ? @readlink($file) : ''
),

'size'=>array(
'size'=>$ss['size'], //Size of file, in bytes.
'blocks'=>$ss['blocks'], //Number 512-byte blocks allocated
'block_size'=> $ss['blksize'] //Optimal block size for I/O.
),

'time'=>array(
'mtime'=>$ss['mtime'], //Time of last modification
'atime'=>$ss['atime'], //Time of last access.
'ctime'=>$ss['ctime'], //Time of last status change
'accessed'=>@date('Y M D H:i:s',$ss['atime']),
'modified'=>@date('Y M D H:i:s',$ss['mtime']),
'created'=>@date('Y M D H:i:s',$ss['ctime'])
),
);

clearstatcache();
return
$s;
}

?>

|=---------[ Example Output ]

Array(
[perms] => Array
(
[umask] => 0022
[human] => -rw-r--r--
[octal1] => 644
[octal2] => 0644
[decimal] => 100644
[fileperms] => 33188
[mode1] => 33188
[mode2] => 33188
)

[filetype] => Array
(
[type] => file
[type_octal] => 0100000
[is_file] => 1
[is_dir] =>
[is_link] =>
[is_readable] => 1
[is_writable] => 1
)

[owner] => Array
(
[fileowner] => 035483
[filegroup] => 23472
[owner_name] => askapache
[group_name] => grp22558
)

[file] => Array
(
[filename] => /home/askapache/askapache-stat/htdocs/ok/g.php
[realpath] =>
[dirname] => /home/askapache/askapache-stat/htdocs/ok
[basename] => g.php
)

[device] => Array
(
[device] => 25
[device_number] => 0
[inode] => 92455020
[link_count] => 1
[link_to] =>
)

[size] => Array
(
[size] => 2652
[blocks] => 8
[block_size] => 8192
)

[time] => Array
(
[mtime] => 1227685253
[atime] => 1227685138
[ctime] => 1227685253
[accessed] => 2008 Nov Tue 23:38:58
[modified] => 2008 Nov Tue 23:40:53
[created] => 2008 Nov Tue 23:40:53
)
)
up
11
webmaster at askapache dot com
10 years ago
On GNU/Linux you can retrieve the number of currently running processes on the machine by doing a stat for hard links on the '/proc' directory like so:

$ stat -c '%h' /proc
118

You can do the same thing in php by doing a stat on /proc and grabbing the [3] 'nlink' - number of links in the returned array.

Here is the function I'm using, it does a clearstatcache() when called more than once.

<?php

/**
* Returns the number of running processes
*
* @link http://php.net/clearstatcache
* @link http://php.net/stat Description of stat syntax.
* @author http://www.askapache.com/php/get-number-running-proccesses.html
* @return int
*/
function get_process_count() {
static
$ver, $runs = 0;

// check if php version supports clearstatcache params, but only check once
if ( is_null( $ver ) )
$ver = version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0', '>=' );

// Only call clearstatcache() if function called more than once */
if ( $runs++ > 0 ) { // checks if $runs > 0, then increments $runs by one.

// if php version is >= 5.3.0
if ( $ver ) {
clearstatcache( true, '/proc' );
} else {
// if php version is < 5.3.0
clearstatcache();
}
}

$stat = stat( '/proc' );

// if stat succeeds and nlink value is present return it, otherwise return 0
return ( ( false !== $stat && isset( $stat[3] ) ) ? $stat[3] : 0 );
}

?>

Example #1 get_process_count() example

<?php
$num_procs
= get_process_count();
var_dump( $num_procs );
?>

The above example will output:

int(118)

Which is the number of processes that were running.
up
8
admin at smitelli dot com
19 years ago
There's an important (yet little-known) problem with file dates on Windows and Daylight Savings. This affects the 'atime' and 'mtime' elements returned by stat(), and it also affects other filesystem-related functions such as fileatime() and filemtime().

During the winter months (when Daylight Savings isn't in effect), Windows will report a certain timestamp for a given file. However, when summer comes and Daylight Savings starts, Windows will report a DIFFERENT timestamp! Even if the file hasn't been altered at all, Windows will shift every timestamp it reads forward one full hour during Daylight Savings.

This all stems from the fact that M$ decided to use a hackneyed method of tracking file dates to make sure there are no ambiguous times during the "repeated hour" when DST ends in October, maintain compatibility with older FAT partitions, etc. An excellent description of what/why this is can be found at http://www.codeproject.com/datetime/dstbugs.asp

This is noteworthy because *nix platforms don't have this problem. This could introduce some hard-to-track bugs if you're trying to move scripts that track file timestamps between platforms.

I spent a fair amount of time trying to debug one of my own scripts that was suffering from this problem. I was storing file modification times in a MySQL table, then using that information to see which files had been altered since the last run of the script. After each Daylight Savings change, every single file the script saw was considered "changed" since the last run, since all the timestamps were off by +/- 3600 seconds.

This one-liner is probably one of the most incorrect fixes that could ever be devised, but it's worked flawlessly in production-grade environments... Assuming $file_date is a Unix timestamp you've just read from a file:

<?php
if (date('I') == 1) $file_date -= 3600;
?>

That will ensure that the timestamp you're working with is always consistently reported, regardless of whether the machine is in Daylight Savings or not.
up
5
mail4rico at gmail dot com
16 years ago
In response to the note whose first line is:
Re note posted by "admin at smitelli dot com"

I believe you have the conversion backwards. You should add an hour to filemtime if the system is in DST and the file is not. Conversely, you should subtract an hour if the file time is DST and the current OS time is not.

Here's a simplified, corrected version:
<?php
function getmodtime($file) { //returns the time a file was modified.
$mtime = filemtime($file);
//date('I') returns 1 if DST is on and 0 if off.
$diff = date('I')-date('I', $mtime);
//diff = 0 if file-time and os-time are both in the same DST setting
//diff = 1 if os is DST and file is not
//diff = -1 if file is DST and os is not
return $mtime + $diff*3600;
}
?>
Here's a test:
<?php
//create two dummy files:
$file0 = 'file1.txt';
$file1 = 'file2.txt';
file_put_contents($file0, '');
file_put_contents($file1, '');

$time0=strtotime('Jan 1 2008 10:00'); echo 'Date0 (ST): ' . date(DATE_COOKIE, $time0)."\n";
$time1=strtotime('Aug 1 2008 10:00'); echo 'Date1 (DT): ' . date(DATE_COOKIE, $time1)."\n";
touch($file0, $time0); //set file0 to Winter (Non-DST)
touch($file1, $time1); //set file1 to Summer (DST)

$ftime0 = filemtime($file0);
$ftime1 = filemtime($file1);
echo
"\nUncorrected: \n";
echo
'File 0: ' . ($ftime0-$time0) ."\n";
echo
'File 1: ' . ($ftime1-$time1) ."\n";
//if your system adjusts for DST, then _one_ of the above should be 3600 or -3600, depending on the time of year

$ftime0 = getmodtime($file0); //use filemtime correction
$ftime1 = getmodtime($file1); //use filemtime correction
echo "\nCorrected: \n";
echo
'File 0: ' . ($ftime0-$time0) ."\n";
echo
'File 1: ' . ($ftime1-$time1) ."\n";
//both of the corrected values output should be 0.
?>

Output:
------------------------------
(when run in summer)
------------------------------
Date0 (ST): Tuesday, 01-Jan-08 10:00:00 EST
Date1 (DT): Friday, 01-Aug-08 10:00:00 EDT

Uncorrected:
File 0: -3600
File 1: 0

Corrected:
File 0: 0
File 1: 0
------------------------------
(when run in winter--dates omitted)
------------------------------
Uncorrected:
File 0: 0
File 1: 3600

Corrected:
File 0: 0
File 1: 0

In response to Re note posted by "admin at smitelli dot com", your version below gives the following output when substituted into my test:
------------------------------
(when run in summer--dates omitted)
------------------------------
Uncorrected:
File 0: -3600
File 1: 0

Corrected:
File 0: -7200
File 1: 0
------------------------------
You can see that the operation is the opposite of what it should be.
up
5
com dot gmail at algofoogle
19 years ago
Re note posted by "salisbm at hotmail dot com":

S_IFDIR is not a single-bit flag. It is a constant that relies on the "S_IFMT" bitmask. This bitmask should be applied to the "mode" parameter before comparing with any of the other "S_IF..." constants, as indicated by stat.h:

#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)

That is, this approach is incorrect:

<?php
define
('S_IFDIR',040000);
if (
$mode & S_IFDIR)
{
/*
incorrect!
format could be S_IFDIR, but also
S_IFBLK, S_IFSOCK, or S_IFWHT.
*/
}
?>

...and should instead be:

<?php
define
('S_IFMT',0170000);
define('S_IFDIR',040000);
if (
S_IFDIR == ($mode & S_IFMT)) { /* ... */ }
?>

As pointed out by "svend at svendtofte dot com", however, there is also the "is_dir" function for this purpose, along with "is_file" and "is_link" to cover the most common format types...
up
8
salisbm at hotmail dot com
21 years ago
I was curious how I could tell if a file was a directory... so I found on http://www.hmug.org/man/2/stat.html the following information about the mode bits:
#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */
#define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
#define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
#define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
#define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
#define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
#define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
#define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
#define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
#define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */

Note that these numbers are in octal format. Then, to check to see if the file is a directory, after calling fstat, I do:

if ($fstats[mode] & 040000)
... this must be a directory
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3
ian at eiloart dot com
25 years ago
Here's what the UNIX man page on stat has to say about the difference between a file change and a file modification:

st_mtime Time when data was last modified. Changed by the following functions: creat(), mknod(), pipe(), utime(), and write(2).

st_ctime Time when file status was last changed. Changed by the following functions: chmod(), chown(), creat(), link(2), mknod(), pipe(), unlink(2), utime(), and write().

So a modification is a change in the data, whereas a change also happens if you modify file permissions and so on.
up
3
JulieC
17 years ago
The dir_size function provided by "marting.dc AT gmail.com" works great, except the $mas variable is not initialized. Add:

$mas = 0;

before the while() loop.
up
3
marting.dc AT gmail.com
18 years ago
If you want to know a directory size, this function will help you:

<?php
function dir_size($dir)
{
$handle = opendir($dir);

while (
$file = readdir($handle)) {
if (
$file != '..' && $file != '.' && !is_dir($dir.'/'.$file)) {
$mas += filesize($dir.'/'.$file);
} else if (
is_dir($dir.'/'.$file) && $file != '..' && $file != '.') {
$mas += dir_size($dir.'/'.$file);
}
}
return
$mas;
}
echo
dir_size('DIRECTORIO').' Bytes';
?>
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3
mao at nospam dot com
19 years ago
If you have ftp (and the related sftp) protocols disabled on your remote server, it can be hard figuring out how to 'stat' a remote file. The following works for me:

<?php

$conn
= ssh2_connect($host, 22);
ssh2_auth_password($conn, $user, $password);
$stream = ssh2_exec($conn, "stat $fileName > $remotedest");
ssh2_scp_recv($conn, $remotedest, $localdest);
$farray = file($localdest);
print_r($farray);
?>
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3
digitalaudiorock at hotmail dot com
15 years ago
Regarding the stat() on files larger than 2GB on 32 bit systems not working, note that the behavior appears to differ between Linux and Windows. Under Windows there's so way to know whether or not this failed.

It's been my experience that under Linux, performing a stat() on files that are too large for the integer size generates a warning and returns false. However under Windows it silently truncates the high order bits of the size resulting in an incorrect number. The only way you'd ever know it failed is in the event that the truncation happened to leave the sign bit on resulting in a negative size. That is, there is _no_ reliable way to know it failed.

This is true of filesize() as well.

Tom
up
1
carlos [at] encore-lab [dot] com
10 years ago
stat() may not work on mounted CIFS' in 32 bit systems if you do not specify the option noserverino when mounting. E.g:

mount -t cifs -o user="user",password="password",noserverino //example.local/share /mnt/mount-point

Other functions based on stat() data such as file time functions and is_dir() are affected the same way.

This happens because if you do not specify the option noserverino the remote inode may be 64 bit-based and thus the local system cannot handle it.
up
1
svend at svendtofte dot com
20 years ago
To the note of how you can figure out if a file is a folder or not, there is also the handy "is_dir" function.
up
1
Ray.Paseur sometimes uses Gmail
3 years ago
A good explanation of the "mode" bits is given here:
https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fileperms.php
up
0
Hellhound
16 years ago
To ignore index number or name specifics.. use:

list($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid, $rdev, $size, $atime, $mtime, $ctime, $blksize, $blocks)
= lstat($directory_element);
up
0
Anonymous
18 years ago
Re note posted by "admin at smitelli dot com"

I'm not sure how that can work all year round since you have to modify both opposing inside and outside DST based on the actual files themselves, as well as the current DST setting for the system.

e.g. using filemtime, same thing for stat.

<?php

$mtime
= filemtime($file);

if (
date('I') == 1) {
// Win DST is enabled, adjust standard time
// files back to 'real' file UTC.
if (date('I', $mtime) == 0) {
$mtime -= 3600;
}
} else {
// Win DST is disabled, adjust daylight time
// files forward to 'real' file UTC.
if (date('I', $mtime) == 1) {
$mtime += 3600;
}
}

echo
gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s', $mtime);

?>

Just another example of why 'not' to use windows in a server room.
up
-2
antonixyz at gmx dot net
16 years ago
<?php
$stat
= stat($filepath);
$mode = $stat[2];
?>
is identical to:
<?php $mode = fileperms($filepath); ?>

at least on my linux box.
up
-4
Anonymous
20 years ago
If the 2GB limit is driving you crazy, you can use this complete hack. use in place of filesize()

function file_size($file) {
$size = filesize($file);
if ( $size == 0)
$size = exec("ls -l $file | awk '{print $5}'");
return $size;
}
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