imagecolorclosest

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

imagecolorclosest — Obtener el índice del color más próximo al color especificado

Descripción

imagecolorclosest(
    resource $image,
    int $red,
    int $green,
    int $blue
): int

Devuelve el índice del color en la paleta de la imagen que está "más próximo" al valor RGB especificado.

La "distancia" entre el color deseado y cada color en la paleta es calculado como si los valores RGB representaran puntos en un espacio tridimensional.

Si se ha creado la imagen a partir de un fichero, sólo se resolverán los colores utilizados en la imagen. No se resolverán los colores que sólo están presentes en la paleta.

Parámetros

image: Un recurso image, es devuelto por una de las funciones de creación de imágenes, como imagecreatetruecolor().
red: Valor del componente rojo.
green: Valor del componente verde.
blue: Valor del componente azul.

Los parámetros de colores son enteros entre 0 y 255 o hexadecimales entre 0x00 y 0xFF.

Valores devueltos

Devuelve el indice del color más próximo, en la paleta de la imagen, al color especificado.

Ejemplos

Ejemplo #1 Buscar un conjunto de colores en una imagen

<?php
// Comenzar con una imagen y convertirla a una imagen basada en paleta de colores
$im = imagecreatefrompng('figures/imagecolorclosest.png');
imagetruecolortopalette($im, false, 255);

// Buscar colores (RGB)
$colores = array(
    array(254, 145, 154),
    array(153, 145, 188),
    array(153, 90, 145),
    array(255, 137, 92)
);

// Itera cada búsqueda y encuentra el color más próximo en la paleta.
// Devuelve el número de búsqueda, el RGB de búsqueda y la coincidencia RGB convertida
foreach($colores as $id => $rgb)
{
    $resultado = imagecolorclosest($im, $rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]);
    $resultado = imagecolorsforindex($im, $resultado);
    $resultado = "({$resultado['red']}, {$resultado['green']}, {$resultado['blue']})";

    echo "#$id: Búsqueda ($rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]); Coincidencia más próxima: $resultado.\n";
}

imagedestroy($im);
?>

El resultado del ejemplo sería algo similar a:

#0: Búsqueda (254, 145, 154); Coincidencia más próxima: (252, 150, 148).
#1: Búsqueda (153, 145, 188); Coincidencia más próxima: (148, 150, 196).
#2: Búsqueda (153, 90, 145); Coincidencia más próxima: (148, 90, 156).
#3: Búsqueda (255, 137, 92); Coincidencia más próxima: (252, 150, 92).

Ver también

imagecolorexact() - Obtener el índice del color especificado
imagecolorclosestalpha() - Obtener el índice del color más próximo al color + alpha especificado
imagecolorclosesthwb() - Obtener el índice del color que tiene el tono, blancura y negrura

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User Contributed Notes 4 notes

down

info at codeworx dot ch ¶

11 years ago

Here is a function that compares two HEX colors for similarity. This can be useful if you want to detect colors that are not different enough to see for the naked eye. It returns a bool: TRUE if the colors are similar to each other (within tolerance) or FALSE if they are different enough.
I tested a few colors and came up with a tolerance of 35 (rgb value - should be between 0 and 255) but you can change that tolerance by passing a third parameter to the function.

<?php
function compareColors ($col1, $col2, $tolerance=35) {
    $col1Rgb = array(
        "r" => hexdec(substr($col1, 0, 2)),
        "g" => hexdec(substr($col1, 2, 2)),
        "b" => hexdec(substr($col1, 4, 2))
    );
    $col2Rgb = array(
        "r" => hexdec(substr($col2, 0, 2)),
        "g" => hexdec(substr($col2, 2, 2)),
        "b" => hexdec(substr($col2, 4, 2))
    );
    return ($col1Rgb['r'] >= $col2Rgb['r'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['r'] <= $col2Rgb['r'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['g'] >= $col2Rgb['g'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['g'] <= $col2Rgb['g'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['b'] >= $col2Rgb['b'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['b'] <= $col2Rgb['b'] + $tolerance);
}
?>

down

Hayley Watson ¶

6 years ago

RGB space isn't the best choice for measuring the distance between two colours, since it ignores, for example, the fact that we count both dark green and light green as "green" (the RGB distance between #000000 and #7f7f7f is the same as the distance between #000000 and #5443c0 - a slightly darkened SlateBlue).

A better choice of colour space that conforms better to how colours are perceived is the so-called Lab space, which measures colours according to how light/dark, red/green, and yellow/blue they are. (There are still better models, but they come at the expense of increased computation.)

<?php

function warp1($c)
{
    if($c > 10.3148)
    {
        return pow((561 + 40*$c)/10761, 2.4);
    }
    else
    {
        return $c / 3294.6;
    }
}
function warp2($c)
{
    if($c > 0.008856)
    {
        return pow($c, 1/3);
    }
    else
    {
        return 7.787 * $c + 4/29;
    }
}
function rgb2lab($rgb)
{
    [$red, $green, $blue] = array_map('warp1', $rgb);

    $x = warp2($red * 0.4339 + $green * 0.3762 + $blue * 0.1899);
    $y = warp2($red * 0.2126 + $green * 0.7152 + $blue * 0.0722);
    $z = warp2($red * 0.0178 + $green * 0.1098 + $blue * 0.8730);

    $l = 116*$y - 16;
    $a = 500 * ($x - $y);
    $b = 200 * ($y - $z);
    
    return array_map('intval', [$l, $a, $b]);
}

function generate_palette_from_image($image)
{
    $pal = [];
    $width = imagesx($image);
    $height = imagesy($image);
    for($x = 0; $x < $width; ++$x)
    {
        for($y = 0; $y < $height; ++$y)
        {
            $pal[] = imagecolorat($image, $x, $y);
        }
    }
    return array_map(function($col)use($image)
    {
        $rgba = imagecolorsforindex($image, $col);
        return [$rgba['red'], $rgba['green'], $rgba['blue']];
    },    array_unique($pal));
}

function closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)
{
    // Quick return when the exact
    // colour is in the palette.
    if(($idx = array_search($rgb, $palette)) !== false)
    {
        return $idx;
    }
    [$tl, $ta, $tb] = rgb2lab($rgb);
    $dists = array_map(function($plab)use($tl, $ta, $tb)
    {
        [$pl, $pa, $pb] = $plab;
        $dl = $pl - $tl;
        $da = $pa - $ta;
        $db = $pa - $tb;
        return $dl * $dl + $da * $da + $db * $db;
    }, array_map('rgb2lab', $palette));
    return array_search(min($dists), $dists);
}

function closest_rgb_in_image($rgb, $image)
{
    $palette = generate_palette_from_image($image);
    return $palette[closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)];
}

$lena = imagecreatefrompng('lena.png');
$red = closest_rgb_in_image([255,0,0],$lena);
echo join(' ', $red);  // 228 71 82

?>

If you're going to be matching a lot of colours to a palette, you may want to precompute and reuse the Lab palette, instead of generating it fresh each time as done here.

down

-1

MagicalTux at FF dot st ¶

18 years ago

A way to get each time an answer :

<?php
function imagegetcolor($im, $r, $g, $b) {
        $c=imagecolorexact($im, $r, $g, $b);
        if ($c!=-1) return $c;
        $c=imagecolorallocate($im, $r, $g, $b);
        if ($c!=-1) return $c;
        return imagecolorclosest($im, $r, $g, $b);
}
?>

If the *exact* color is found in the image, it will be returned. If we don't have the exact color, we try to allocate it. If we can't allocate it, we return the closest color in the image.

down

-1

Vikrant Korde <vakorde at hotmail dot com> ¶

19 years ago

This functuion is useful when you are dealing with previously present images like .png, .jpg, etc. You can use this function for writing a text on the image.

For me the function imagecolorallocate() was returning the -1 value. after lot of RnD and site search i found a function use of imagecolorclosest(). This solved my problem of writing the text on the image with customised color. 

Actually previously it was writing on the image but the color was not distinct. It was using the same color as of that background image. 

The following code segment was fine with me.

header ("Content-type: image/jpeg"); 
$im = imagecreatefromjpeg("BlankButton.jpg");
$white = imageColorClosest($im, 255,255,255);
// this is for TTF fonts
imagettftext ($im, 20, 0, 16, 30, $white, "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/luximb.ttf", "Vikrant"); 

//this is for notmal font
imagestring($im, 4, 0,0,"Korde", $white);
imagejpeg($im,"",150); 
imagedestroy ($im);

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